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	<dc:identifier>FB-11866</dc:identifier>
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	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Ovalentaria/misc</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Pomacentridae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Chromis</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Chromis klunzingeri Whitley, 1929</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='af'>Mbala</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='af'>Skakel-ghieliemientjie</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Hyphen barb</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Kaksjoon-pardkala</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>双魮</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>雙魮</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Barbus bifrenatus Fowler, 1935</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1994-07-28</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2011-07-19</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=11867'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7248&amp;speccode=11867'>Skelton, P.H.0 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11970&amp;speccode=11867'>Poll, M.0 Contribution à la faune ichthyologique de l'Angola. Diamang Publ. Cult., nr. 75:381 p. (Ref. 11970)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12818&amp;speccode=11867'>Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13332&amp;speccode=11867'>Skelton, P.H.0 Diversity and distribution of freshwater fishes in East and Southern Africa. p.95-131. In G.G. Teugels, J.F. Guégan and J.J. Albaret (eds.) Biological diversity of African fresh-and brackish water fishes. Geographical overviews presented at the PARADI Symposium, Senegal, 15-20 November 1993. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr. Zool. 275. (Ref. 13332)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-7974-0831-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13337&amp;speccode=11867'>Bell-Cross, G. and J.L. Minshull0 The fishes of Zimbabwe. National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. 294 p. (Ref. 13337)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27501&amp;speccode=11867'>Merron, G.S. and M.N. Bruton0 Community ecology and conservation of the fishes of the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Environ. Biol. Fishes 43(2):109-119. (Ref. 27501)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=11867'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=11867'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33523&amp;speccode=11867'>Polling, L., H.J. Schoonbee and J.E. Saayman0 Feeding habits of two small cyprinids, in a subtropical impoundment in the Transvaal, South Africa. J. Zool. Afr. 106:243-252. (Ref. 33523)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33857&amp;speccode=11867'>Hay, C.J., B.J. van Zyl, F.H. van der Bank, J.T. Ferreira and G.J. Steyn0 The distribution of freshwater fish in Namibia. Cimbebasia 15:41-63. (Ref. 33857)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36653&amp;speccode=11867'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Zimbabwe. National Museum of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box 240, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. (Ref. 36653)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36670&amp;speccode=11867'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=37065&amp;speccode=11867'>van der Waal, B.C.W. and P.H. Skelton0 Check list of fishes of Caprivi. Madoqua 13(4):303-320. (Ref. 37065)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=11867'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=11867'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47438&amp;speccode=11867'>Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=11867'>Riede, K.0 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1-86872-643-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52193&amp;speccode=11867'>Skelton, P.H.0 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52863&amp;speccode=11867'>Okeyo, D.O.0 On the biodiversity and the distribution of freshwater fish of Namibia: an annotated update. p.156-194. In M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily and D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14:281 p. (Ref. 52863)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=55463&amp;speccode=11867'>Snoeks, J. (ed.)0 The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA, 360p. (Ref. 55463)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=55909&amp;speccode=11867'>Snoeks, J.0 The non-cichlid fishes of the Lake Malawi system: a compilation. p. 20-26. In Snoeks, J. (ed.) The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA, 360p. (Ref. 55909)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=11867'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='82-426-1480-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=81703&amp;speccode=11867'>Næsje, T.F., C.J. Hay, N. Nickanor, J.H., Strand, R. Koekemoer and E.B. Thorstad0 Fish populations, gill net catches and gill net selectivity in the Kwando River, Namibia. NINA Project Report 27. 64 p. (Ref. 81703)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95585&amp;speccode=11867'>Van Steenberge, M., E. Vreven and J. Snoeks0 The fishes of the Upper Luapula area (Congo basin): a fauna of mixed origin. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 24(4):329-345. (Ref. 95585)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=11867'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=108792&amp;speccode=11867'>Yang, L., T. Sado, M.V. Hirt, E. Pasco-Viel, M. Arunachalam, J. Li, X. Wang, J. Freyhof, K. Saitoh, A.M. Simons, M. Miya, S. He and R.L. Mayden0 Phylogeny and polyploidy: resolving the classification of cyprinine fishes (Teleostei: Cypriniformes). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 85:97-116. (Ref. 108792)</reference>
	<reference isbn='978-3-030-03083-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=120641&amp;speccode=11867'>Skelton, P.H.0 Chapter 11. The freshwater fishes of Angola. p. 207-242. In B.J. Huntley, V. Russo, F. Lages and N. Ferrand (eds.) Biodiversity of Angola. Science &amp; conservation: a modern synthesis. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, Switzerland. 549 p. (Ref. 120641)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=122753&amp;speccode=11867'>Katemo Manda, B., J. Snoeks, E. Decru, R. Bills and E. Vreven0 &lt;i&gt;Enteromius thespesios&lt;/i&gt; (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): a new minnow species with a remarkable sexual dimorphism from the south-eastern part of the Upper Congo River. J. Fish Biol. 96(5):1160-1175. (Ref. 122753)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>Occurs in floodplains, pools and shallow streams with vegetation.  Feeds on detritus, algae, seeds, small invertebrates (Ref. 7248) and aquatic insect larvae (Ref. 13337).  Migrates upriver to breed after heavy rains (Ref. 13337).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='1-86872-643-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52193&amp;speccode=11867'>Skelton, P.H. 2001 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-10-06 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:description>Diagnosis: With 2 distinct black lateral stripes along the body; lateral stripe begins clearly on the snout and runs through the eye and gill cover and down the body (Ref. 13337). The lateral line tubules are closely outlined in black, giving the line a tubular appearance (Ref. 13337). Anterior barbel about eye diameter and posterior barbel a little longer (Ref. 13337).Description: Lateral line scales 27-30; 12 circumpeduncular scales (Ref. 13337, 122753).Colouration: With 2 distinct black lateral stripes along the body (Ref. 13337).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-7974-0831-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13337&amp;speccode=11867'>Bell-Cross, G. and J.L. Minshull 1988 The fishes of Zimbabwe. National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. 294 p. (Ref. 13337)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 9;  Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 5 - 6</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-7974-0831-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13337&amp;speccode=11867'>Bell-Cross, G. and J.L. Minshull 1988 The fishes of Zimbabwe. National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. 294 p. (Ref. 13337)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Africa:  widespread over northern parts of southern Africa including the Cunene, Okavango, Upper Zambezi, Kafue, Zambian Congo and Limpopo systems; isolated populations occur in Malawi and on the eastern shores of Lake St. Lucia in Natal (Ref. 52193).  May be confused with the bowstriped barb, Barbus viviparus (Ref. 7248) but differs in pigmentation details (Ref. 52193).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='1-86872-643-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52193&amp;speccode=11867'>Skelton, P.H. 2001 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='1-86872-643-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52193&amp;speccode=11867'>Skelton, P.H. 2001 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1-86872-643-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52193&amp;speccode=11867'>Skelton, P.H. 2001 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo.  Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-7974-0831-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13337&amp;speccode=11867'>Bell-Cross, G. and J.L. Minshull 1988 The fishes of Zimbabwe. National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. 294 p. (Ref. 13337)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:source>bifrenatus</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Frequency of occurence in Caprivi: occasionally in sandy streams, occasionally on rocky streams, occasionally in standing deep water, abundant in shallow swamps, and common in shallow flood plains (Ref. 037065).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33523&amp;speccode=11867'>Polling, L., H.J. Schoonbee and J.E. Saayman 1992 Feeding habits of two small cyprinids, in a subtropical impoundment in the Transvaal, South Africa. J. Zool. Afr. 106:243-252. (Ref. 33523)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>7.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 52193))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='1-86872-643-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52193&amp;speccode=11867'>Skelton, P.H. 2001 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-11867</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Pascualita Sa-a</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-07-28 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-15 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11867</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>benthopelagic; potamodromous (Ref. 13337); freshwater</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-7974-0831-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13337&amp;speccode=11867'>Bell-Cross, G. and J.L. Minshull 1988 The fishes of Zimbabwe. National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. 294 p. (Ref. 13337)</reference></dataObject>
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