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Actinopteri (ray-finned fishes) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Cyclopsettidae (Sand whiffs)
Etymology: Citharichthys: Latin, cithara = lire like instrument + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335); stigmaeus: Citharus for its resemblance to the related genus Citharus; stigmaeus speckled (Ref. 4930).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range ? - 549 m (Ref. 27436), usually ? - 91 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical; 59°N -

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: Montague Island, Alaska to Bahia Magdalena, southern Baja California, Mexico.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2850)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 75-97; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 58 - 77; Vertebrae: 34 - 39. Caudal rounded.

Found on sandy bottom, from near shore to 366 m (Ref. 2850). Little commercial importance because of its small size (Ref. 2850).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Oviparous (Ref. 101737). Females produce numerous eggs in multiple spawnings during a prolonged spawning period (Ref. 101737).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 125652)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 27 July 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 5.7 - 15.1, mean 8.9 °C (based on 49 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00329 - 0.01670), b=3.15 (2.97 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.52 se; based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 207 [96, 528] mg/100g ; Iron = 1.67 [0.96, 3.04] mg/100g ; Protein = 17.6 [15.5, 19.7] % ; Omega3 = 0.274 [0.144, 0.527] g/100g ; Selenium = 27 [12, 63] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 7.26 [1.73, 28.29] μg/100g ; Zinc = 0.914 [0.582, 1.404] mg/100g (wet weight);

Citharichthys stigmaeus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882