Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 10 - 500 m (Ref. 9563). Temperate; 31°S - 40°S
Eastern Indian Ocean: endemic to southern Australia, from off Lancelin, Western Australia to Bass Strait.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 66.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9563)
A temperate species (Ref. 7300) occurring on rocky reefs and muddy substrates of the continental shelf and upper slopes (Ref. 9563), singly or in pairs (Ref. 79654).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
May, J.L. and J.G.H. Maxwell, 1986. Trawl fish from temperate waters of Australia. CSIRO Division of Fisheries Research, Tasmania. 492 p. (Ref. 9563)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 125652)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
More information
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsAllele frequenciesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingNutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14 - 17.1, mean 15.6 °C (based on 45 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5088 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.00587 - 0.02825), b=3.04 (2.85 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 26.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 22.7 [8.6, 51.2] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.171 [0.097, 0.349] mg/100g ; Protein = 18.6 [17.5, 19.8] % ; Omega3 = 0.662 [0.288, 1.600] g/100g ; Selenium = 18.5 [8.9, 36.3] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 36.6 [10.6, 124.7] μg/100g ; Zinc = 0.45 [0.30, 0.72] mg/100g (wet weight);