分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes)
頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) >
Belonidae (Needlefishes)
頜針魚科 (Needlefishes)
Etymology: Tylosurus: Greek, tylos = callus + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Péron & Lesueur.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 13 m (Ref. 58302). 熱帶; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 4959); 21°N - 1°N
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and South Africa (Ref. 5317) and Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964) to French Polynesia (Ref. 6784), north to Japan (Ref. 559), south to New South Wales, Australia (Ref. 33390). Replaced by Tylosurus crocodilus fodiator in the eastern Pacific. Western Atlantic: New Jersey, USA to Brazil (Ref. 7251). Eastern Atlantic: Fernando Poo, Cameroon, Liberia, and Ascension Island (Ref. 5757); from Senegal and Guinea (Ref. 28587); and Cape Verde (Ref. 27000). Recorded from the Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 83387).
印度-西太平洋: 紅海與南非 (參考文獻 5317) 到法屬玻里尼西亞 (參考文獻 6784), 北至日本 (參考文獻 559), 南至澳洲新南威爾斯.(參考文獻 33390) 在東太平洋中被 掘食圓頜針魚〔Tylosurus crocodilus fodiator〕 取代了。 西大西洋: 美國的紐澤西到巴西.(參考文獻 7251) 東大西洋: 費爾南多波島，喀麥隆，賴比瑞亞與阿森松島;(參考文獻 5757) 也從塞內加爾與幾內亞 (參考文獻 28587) 與維德角.(參考文獻 27000)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 51.7, range 50 - 55 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573); common length : 90.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9682); 最大體重: 6.4 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 21-24; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 19 - 22; 脊椎骨: 75 - 80. This species with is distinguished by the following characters: body elongate, circular in cross-section; D 21-24 with anterior rays forming a relatively high lobe, 5.4-10.6 body length (excluding the head and caudal fin); dorsal fin origin about equal with or slightly in front to anal fin origin; A 19-22 with anterior rays forming a relatively high lobe, in 5.5-8.0 in BL; pectoral-fin rays 13 to 15 (usually 14 or 15); 270-340 predorsal scales; 75-80 vertebrae; jaws extremely long, forming a stout beak armed with very sharp teeth; no gill rakers absent; caudal fin deeply emarginate, the lower lobe much longer than the upper one and the caudal peduncle with a distinct, black lateral keel; body colour dark bluish green above, silvery below; juveniles (to 20 cm body length) with elevated black lobe in posterior part of dorsal fin which is lost with growth; scales and bones green (Ref. 9682, 90102).
背面深藍色的, 側邊銀色的, 腹側白色的.(參考文獻 5317) 一個明顯的黑色側龍骨在尾梗上; 尾鰭深深地分岔。 稚魚 (到 20 公分 BL) 在後面的部分背鰭中有一個升高的黑色葉。 前面地在稚魚 (對 40 公分 BL) 的頜齒點但是是直的大小不一在其他種的 Tylosurus 中.(參考文獻 9682) 有一個相當矮胖又圓筒形的身體與較短的頭部相較於其他的針魚。
A pelagic species (Ref. 26340) found over lagoon and seaward reefs. Solitary or in small groups. Feeds on fishes (Ref. 11889). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). Feared by fishers because they can cause puncture wounds with their sharp snouts when jumping out of the water, e.g. when alarmed or attracted to lights at night. Although sold fresh and considered a good food fish, its market is limited due to the green-colored flesh (Ref. 5217). Widespread in tropical Indo-Pacific, divisible in two subspecies (Ref 90102). Caught by casting or trolling surface or near-surface lures; also with purse seines and drift nets (Ref. 9682).
一個大洋性魚種 (參考文獻 26340) 發現在潟湖與臨海礁石上面了。 獨居性或形成小群魚群。 吃魚。 (參考文獻 11889) 卵生的.(參考文獻 205) 卵可能被發現於在卵的表面上的捲鬚水依附於目標。 (參考文獻 205) 因為離開水面，當跳躍的時候，他們能用他們的銳利吻引起破壞創傷，所以被漁夫害怕了, 例如當危險警報或者被夜晚的燈光吸引了。 雖然賣了生鮮地而且被認為是一個好食用魚, 它的市場是由於綠色的肉的有限公司.(參考文獻 5217)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 紅海與南非 (參考文獻 5317) 到法屬玻里尼西亞 (參考文獻 6784), 北至日本 (參考文獻 559), 南至澳洲新南威爾斯.(參考文獻 33390) 在東太平洋中被 掘食圓頜針魚〔Tylosurus crocodilus fodiator〕 取代了。 西大西洋: 美國的紐澤西到巴西.(參考文獻 7251) 東大西洋: 費爾南多波島，喀麥隆，賴比瑞亞與阿森松島;(參考文獻 5757) 也從塞內加爾與幾內亞 (參考文獻 28587) 與維德角.(參考文獻 27000)
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27.1 - 29.2, mean 28.5 °C (based on 1591 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00093 (0.00058 - 0.00150), b=3.14 (3.01 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.38 - 0.86, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (91 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 45.3 [13.1, 198.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.475 [0.220, 1.403] mg/100g; Protein = 16.4 [13.7, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.109 [0.046, 0.331] g/100g; Selenium = 39.2 [19.0, 90.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 176 [28, 893] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.644 [0.414, 1.036] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
