Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي نزديك كف زي; تغييرات عمق 50 - 130 m (Ref. 9342). Tropical; 33°N - 9°S, 118°W - 76°W (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Pacific: southern California to Peru. Misidentified as Epinephelus niveatus by some authors (Ref. 5995, 6852).
Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 48.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 5222)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 11; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 13 - 15; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 9. Distinguished by the following characteristics: juveniles dark reddish brown with white spots in grid-like pattern of vertical series and horizontal rows on body and dorsal fin; caudal peduncle with visible dark saddle blotch; pale caudal and pectoral fins; dark brown anal and pelvic fins; black maxillary groove; adults dark brown lacking white spots; depth of body contained 2.3-2.7 times in SL; head length 2.2-2.5 times in SL; convex interorbital area; slightly produced angle of preopercle, with enlarged serrae; distinctly convex upper edge of operculum; vertically elongate posterior nostrils, 2-5 times larger than anterior nostrils; maxilla reaches to or beyond vertical at rear edge of eye; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Found on rocky reefs and soft bottoms (Ref. 89707). Reported to be often caught in shrimp trawls in central Gulf of California. Too rare to be of commercial interest.
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
Craig, M.T. and P.A. Hastings, 2007. A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with revised classification of the epinephelini. Ichthyol. Res. 54:1-17. (Ref. 83414)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: معاش ماهیگیری; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 15.6 - 23.1, mean 17.2 °C (based on 19 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00621 - 0.02932), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (مرجع
69278): 3.8 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
جهندگی (مرجع
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 99.3 [39.1, 183.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.847 [0.447, 1.672] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.274 [0.161, 0.485] g/100g; Selenium = 56.8 [28.6, 119.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.4 [9.3, 106.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.892 [0.613, 1.347] mg/100g (wet weight);
