分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 1 - 50 m (Ref. 5222). 熱帶; 32°N - 18°N, 115°W - 102°W
Eastern Central Pacific: southwest coast of Baja California throughout the Gulf of California to Jalisco, Mexico.
中太平洋東部: 在加州灣到墨西哥加里斯科州各處的下加利福尼亞的海岸西南部。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 86.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 最大体重: 9.6 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数): 11; 背的软条 (总数): 16-18; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 11. Distinguished by the following characteristics: greenish to greyish brown body color with small reddish brown spots and irregular pale spots and lines; fins with white margins; small portion of population exhibit xanthic pattern which is entirely bright yellow-orange, sometimes with few irregular black spots; depth of body contained 2.7-3.1 times in SL; head length 2.6-2.8 times in SL; angle of preopercle in adults with weakly-developed serrate lobe; posterior nostrils of large adults 2-3 times larger than anterior ones (Ref. 89707).
Prefers rocky areas in shallow water at depths of about 50 m. Adults feed on schools of the flatiron herring, Harengula thrissina, and anchoveta, Cetengraulis mysticetus when available; if not, on other schooling fishes or non-schooling fishes. Most feed at dawn and dusk, with a peak in activity about 20 minutes after sunset. Juveniles feed throughout the day on a variety of benthic fishes and crustaceans.
在浅水区中偏爱岩石区深度大约 50 公尺。 成鱼吃熨斗鲱鱼， 太平洋青鳞鱼［Harengula thrissina］ 与 anchoveta ， 太平洋鲸 ［Cetengraulis mysticetus］ 的鱼群当有用的; 如果不, 在其他的群游性鱼或非群游性鱼上。 大多数的吃在破晓与薄暮, 在活动中具有一个高峰到处日落后的 20 分钟。 稚鱼在多种底栖的鱼与甲壳动物上全天候吃。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
中太平洋東部: 在加州灣到墨西哥加里斯科州各處的下加利福尼亞的海岸西南部。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
更多信息
参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.6 - 26.8, mean 22.4 °C (based on 24 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00429 - 0.02028), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 11.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.09).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 22.1 [13.6, 39.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.449 [0.244, 0.783] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.8, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.131 [0.083, 0.208] g/100g; Selenium = 35.6 [18.8, 68.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 137 [45, 467] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.808 [0.556, 1.143] mg/100g (wet weight);
