Classification / Names  				 
				ຊື່ສາມັນ | ຄຳສັບຄ້າຍຄືກັນ | Catalog of Fishes(ຕະກຸນ, ຊະນິດ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa				
			
				
				 ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກອ່ອນ (ເຊັ່ນ: ປາສະຫລາມ, ປາຜາໄລ) (sharks and rays) > 
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > 
Dasyatidae (Stingrays) > Dasyatinae						
							
							Etymology: Taeniurops: From feminine Latin noun, 'taenia' = ribbon or band, ancient Greek 'oura' = tail, referring to fin fold underneath tail and Greek 'ops' = appearance; originally proposed as a subgenus of Taeniura (Richard Bajol, pers. Comm. 06/16).
						
					 
			
			Issue   
Specific name is a noun; valid as grabatus (Catalog of Fishes, ver. 08 Aug 2022).
			
			
				
					Environment: milieu / climate zone / ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ / distribution range					
						ນິເວດວິທະຍາ					
				
				
				
					ສັດທະເລ ອາໄສຢູ່ໃກ້ໜ້າດິນໃຕ້ພື້ນທ້ອງນ້ຳ;  ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 10 - 300 m (Ref. 6808). Subtropical; 38°N -   17°S, 26°W -   44°E				
				 
			
			
			
				
				
				
					Eastern Atlantic:  Canary Islands (Ref. 6808) and Mauritania to Angola, including Cape Verde.  Also in the Mediterranean, from Tunisia to Egypt.
				
				 
			
			
				
					ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
				
				
				
					ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
 Max length : 250 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 4438); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 84.0 kg (Ref. 40637)				
				 
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				A neritic, coastal species (Ref. 27000).  Generally found on sand and rock-sand bottoms (Ref. 6808).  Partially covered with sand or mud.  Feeds on bottom-living fishes and crustaceans.  Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).			
			 
			
			
			
				
					Life cycle and mating behavior					
					ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ				
				
				
				
				Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).				
				 
			
			 
				
				
				
					Capapé, C. and M. Desoutter, 1990. Dasyatidae. p. 59-63. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4438)
				
				 
			
			
			
							
					
						IUCN Red List Status   (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
				 
					
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Threat to humans  
				
				
				
					  Harmless				
				
			 
			
			
			
			
				
					Human uses  				
				
				
					ການປະມົງ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ				
				
				
			
			
						
			
			
			
				
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					ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
				
				
			
			
			
				
					Estimates based on models				
				
				
				Preferred temperature (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 
123201): 14.6 - 26.1, mean 19.2 °C (based on 92 cells).
				
				
					
					Phylogenetic diversity index  (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 
82804):  PD
50 = 0.7500   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].					
													Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00468 (0.00195 - 0.01123), b=3.12 (2.92 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 
93245).
					
					ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ  (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 
69278):  4.0   ±0.67 se; based on food items.					
											
				
				
										
						ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ  (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 
120179):  ຕຳ່, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 4.5 - 14 ປີ (Assuming fecundity<100).					
											
				
									
					Fishing Vulnerability  (Ref. 
59153):  Very high vulnerability (90 of 100). 
🛈					
						Nutrients  (Ref. 
124155):  Calcium = 12.6 [2.8, 59.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.644 [0.169, 1.882] mg/100g; Protein = 22.7 [20.0, 25.7] %; Omega3 = 0.267 [0.078, 0.832] g/100g; Selenium = 34.4 [10.2, 101.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.72 [1.68, 13.01] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.404 [0.197, 0.732] mg/100g (wet weight);