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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Pagellus: Diminutive of Latin, pager, derived from Greek, pagros = a fish, Dentex sp. (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
সামুদ্রিক সমুদতলে ভাসমান বেনথোপেলাজিক; গভীরতার পরিসীমা ? - 300 m (Ref. 4781), usually 20 - 100 m (Ref. 4781). Subtropical; 63°N - 10°N, 32°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway and the Mediterranean to Guinea-Bissau (Ref. 26999), including Cape Verde, Madeira and the Canary Islands. Rarely recorded in Scandinavia (Ref. 4781).
Length at first maturity / আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
Maturity: Lm 14.2, range 13 - 16 cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 4781); common length : 25.0 cm SL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 4781); সবের্াচ্চ প্রকাশিত ওজন : 3.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
পৃষ্ঠীয় কাঁটা (মোট ): 12; পৃষ্ঠীয় নরম পাখনা দন্ড (মোট ): 10-11; পায়ূ কাঁটা 3; পায়ূর নরম পাখনা্তুন্ড: 8 - 9. Body red without stripes or bars. Snout at least twice as long as the eye diameter (Ref. 35388).
Found on inshore waters, on various bottom (rock, gravel, sand and mud) to 200 m (Mediterranean) or 300 m (Atlantic) and move to deeper waters during winter. Omnivorous, but feed mainly on benthic invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 3688). Protogynic hermaphrodites, females become males first in their third year with sizes of about 17 cm. Important food fish.
Possibly two spawning periods in the southern Mediterranean (Ref. 4781). Length at which sex change possibly occurs is between 12.8 and 20.3 cm FL (Ref. 57849).
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 4690)
Human uses
মৎস্য: বাণিজ্যিক; শিকারযোগ্য মাছ: হঁ্যা
হাতিয়ার
Special reports
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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.2 - 21, mean 17.2 °C (based on 492 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00901 - 0.01109), b=3.02 (2.99 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.1 (5.4 - 7.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 18
growth studies.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref.
120179): মাধ্যম , সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ১.৪-৪.৪ বৎসর (K=0.24; tm=1-2; tmax=13; Fec=31,000).
Prior r = 0.47, 95% CL = 0.31 - 0.78, Based on 13 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 101 [50, 194] mg/100g; Iron = 0.546 [0.317, 0.919] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.6, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.384 [0.256, 0.577] g/100g; Selenium = 88.3 [41.4, 196.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.36 [2.06, 37.61] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.449 [0.331, 0.672] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
