分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)
白眼鮫目 (Ground sharks) >
Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
白眼鮫科 (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin (See ETYFish); porosus: Latin for pored or full of holes, probably referring to large and conspicuous pores behind eye (See ETYFish).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 36 m (Ref. 9253), usually 16 - 32 m (Ref. 96339). 亞熱帶的; 33°N - 36°S, 116°W - 33°W (Ref. 55189)
Western Atlantic: upper Gulf of Mexico, to southern Brazil; recorded from Uruguay (Ref. 58839). Specimens of porosus from Borneo, Viet Nam and Thailand may represent an undescribed small species of Carcharhinus.
西大西洋: 墨西哥灣北部到巴西 (除了加勒比海島) 南部. 東太平洋: 加州灣到祕魯, 不在離岸島嶼。 來自婆羅洲的 porosus 的標本, 越南與泰國可能是一個 Carcharhinus 的未描述小種.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 70.0 range ? - 84 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 244); common length : 90.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9253)
This species is a smooth-backed (lacking an interdorsal ridge) shark, with a low first dorsal fin originating over or behind the pectoral fin free rear tip. Adults' first dorsal fin anterior margin (from the origin of the fin to its apex) is as long as the distance from the apex to the free rear tip, so that apex makes an equilateral triangle with its origin and free rear tip; height of the first dorsal fin is about 8-9% of the total length. The second dorsal fin originates over the midpoint of the anal fin base. The caudal fin measures about one fourth of the total length. A series of conspicuous pores (hyomandibular pores) are located behind the eye. The upper teeth have long triangular cusps that become increasingly oblique towards the corners of the mouth, these have a weak notch or lack a notch on their medial edges, and a strong notch on the outer edges. Edges of the first four teeth have coarse serrations from the bases up to the notch and finer serrations from the notch to the tip and these coarse serrations disappear by the fifth or sixth tooth. Subsequent teeth have inner edges with uniform fine serrations from base to tip. The five or six outermost upper teeth have strongly oblique cusps with nearly straight inner margins and a strong notch on the outer margin while the lower teeth are erect and have cusps with a few coarse serrations at their bases and finer serrations towards the tips. Teeth number U:14-1-14; L:13-13. Dermal denticles are characteristic with a central strong ridge terminating in a long point, and two shorter ridges on wing-like sides; dorsal surface of the denticles has a coarse microsculpture. Body color gray above and dirty white below, unmarked fins (Ref. 86285).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found in the continental shelves, preferably over muddy bottoms, and especially in estuaries. Feeds mainly on small fishes including young hammerhead and sharpnose sharks, and shrimps. Viviparous, with 2 to 7 young in a litter. Size at birth between 31 and 40 cm. Utilized fresh for human consumption and processed for fishmeal, and liver extracted for oil.
发现于大陆架, 可能地在泥沙底上面, 与尤其在河口。 主要吃小鱼包括双髻鲨的幼鱼与尖嘴鲨鱼 , 与虾。 胎生的, 有两个到 7 幼鱼在一胎。 在 31 与 40 公分之间出生时的大小。 生鲜使用供人类消费而且加工成鱼粉 , 与肝脏抽取成鱼肝油。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 墨西哥灣北部到巴西 (除了加勒比海島) 南部. 東太平洋: 加州灣到祕魯, 不在離岸島嶼。 來自婆羅洲的 porosus 的標本, 越南與泰國可能是一個 Carcharhinus 的未描述小種.
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (参考文献
123201): 22.5 - 27.9, mean 25.5 °C (based on 206 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00407 (0.00248 - 0.00669), b=3.07 (2.93 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 4.1 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 14.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (K=0.08; tm=6; tmax=12; assuming Fec<10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (77 of 100).
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