分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 3 - 90 m (Ref. 30573). 熱帶; 42°N - 34°S, 30°E - 170°E (Ref. 114953)
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964), Red Sea and East Africa to Papua New Guinea, north to Japan, south to New South Wales, Australia.
印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到巴布亞新幾內亞,北至日本, 南至澳洲新南威爾斯。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 164.0, range 150 - 178 cm
Max length : 300 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 58784); 最大体重: 135.0 kg (Ref. 9987)
An unmistakable guitarfish with a broad, rounded snout, large, high pectoral fins, and heavy ridges of spiky thorns over the eyes and on the back and shoulders; jaws with heavily ridged, crushing teeth in undulating rows (Ref. 5578). Grey or brownish above (Ref. 5578), white below; numerous white spots dorsally on fins, body and tail; black spots on head and shoulders but no eyespots or ocelli (Ref. 3919).
一个明显的犁头鳐具有一个宽的, 圆的吻，大的，和高的胸鳍 , 与在眼上的尖刺的大的隆起与在背部与肩上; 颌部有很大的隆起，量多的牙齿成波浪形排列.(参考文献 5578) 灰色或上方褐色的 (参考文献 5578), 腹面白色的; 很多的白色斑点在鳍，身体与尾部背面上; 在头部与肩上的黑色的斑点但是没有眼斑或假眼斑.(参考文献 3919)
Inhabits coastal areas and on coral reefs, close inshore (Ref. 9915). Found on sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 12951). Sometimes found in the water column (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on bottom crustaceans and mollusks (Ref. 9915). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Produces litters of 2-11 pups (Ref. 114953). A row of large spines present above the eye, on the center of the nape, and on the shoulder have a defensive function (can be used for butting). Caught commonly by demersal tangle net, and occasionally trawl and longline fisheries (Ref.58048). Difficult to handle and can damage the catch when caught in trawls (Ref. 9915). Utilized fresh and dried-salted; the pectoral fins are the only part which is eaten (Ref. 9987).
栖息于沿岸区域与在珊瑚礁，近岸上.(参考文献 9915) 栖息于沙与泥底部了。 (参考文献 12951) 有时发现于水团。 (参考文献 12951) 主要吃底部甲壳动物与软件动物。 (参考文献 9915) 卵胎生的.(参考文献 50449) 一排在后颈的中心上,大的棘位于眼之上, 而且在肩上有一个防御的功能.(能被用来但是) 困难的触摸而且能损坏网具在拖网当被捕捉时.(参考文献 9915) 生鲜使用与乾燥盐腌; 胸鳍是被吃的 的唯一的部份。 (参考文献 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). With 4 in a litter (Ref. 12951). Size at birth 45 cm (Ref. 12951).印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到巴布亞新幾內亞,北至日本, 南至澳洲新南威爾斯。
Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last, 1999. Rhinidae (=Rhynchobatidae). Wedgefishes. p. 1418-1422. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9915)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
极度濒危 (CR) (A2bd); Date assessed: 03 December 2018
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.4 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1422 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00372 (0.00166 - 0.00830), b=3.11 (2.91 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Fec=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 6.66 [1.37, 27.05] mg/100g; Iron = 0.311 [0.072, 0.881] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.3, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.0694 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 45.3 [13.9, 139.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.1 [8.3, 82.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.722 [0.351, 1.434] mg/100g (wet weight);
