Environment: milieu / climate zone / نطاق العمق / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 1 - 25 m (Ref. 9407). Tropical
Indo-West Pacific: India eastward through Indonesia to New Guinea, northward to southern Japan, southward to northern Australia.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 48637)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 10; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 9 - 10. Body covered with prickles. White lines encircling eye (Ref. 559).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Occurs in shallow water reefs near sand or seaweed areas. Also found in estuaries and protected muddy bays; juveniles in mangroves and entering the lower reaches of streams (Ref. 9407, 48637). Solitary (Ref. 90102). Adults at moderate depths, often laying on the mud during the day (Ref. 48637).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
خطر للأنسان
Poisonous to eat
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: فوائد محتملة
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 25.1 - 29.3, mean 28.6 °C (based on 2442 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02951 (0.01569 - 0.05551), b=2.89 (2.74 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 3.4 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
المرونه (مرجع
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 35.3 [14.4, 96.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.545 [0.279, 1.186] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.6, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.112 [0.058, 0.209] g/100g; Selenium = 30.2 [15.3, 64.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 45.6 [12.5, 169.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.11 [0.74, 1.67] mg/100g (wet weight);
