Cephalopholis boenak, Chocolate hind : fisheries, aquarium

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Cephalopholis boenak (Bloch, 1790)

Chocolate hind
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Cephalopholis boenak   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Cephalopholis: Greek, kephale = head + Greek, pholis = scale (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 1 - 64 m, usually 4 - 30 m (Ref. 90102). 熱帶; 32°N - 32°S, 29°E - 171°E (Ref. 5222)

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Kenya to southern Mozambique eastward to the western Pacific. Reported from the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819). Not reported from oceanic islands in the Indian Ocean, except for Aldabra, Comoros, Madagascar, and the Andaman and Lakshadweep islands. Unknown from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and from the islands of Micronesia except for Palau. Record from Rodriguez by Heemstra & Randall (1984, Ref. 3153) could not be verified and is probably erroneous (Ref. 33390).
印度-西太平洋: 肯亞到莫三比克南部向東至西太平洋。 記錄來自阿拉弗拉海了。 (參考文獻 9819) 不記錄自印度洋的大洋性島嶼, 除了亞達伯拉,科摩洛,馬達加斯加與安達曼群島與拉克沙群島。 未知的從紅海,波斯灣, 而且從密克羅尼西亞的島嶼除了帛琉。 從羅德里格斯記錄由 Heemstra& Randall(1984, 參考文獻 3153) 無法確認而且可能是錯誤的.(參考文獻 33390)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm 12.2, range 8 - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 48635); 最大年齡: 11 年 (Ref. 45317)

簡短描述 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數): 9; 背的軟條 (總數): 15-17; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Brownish to greenish grey with dusky vertical bands over the body. White margins and black sub-margins on the median fins (Ref. 48635). Preopercle rounded, very finely serrate; no enlarged spines at angle, lower edge fleshy; characterized further by having ctenoid scales on body including abdomen; greatest depth of body 2.6-3.1 in SL; rounded caudal fin; pelvic fins not usually reaching anus, 1.6-2.1 in head length (Ref. 90102).
褐色的到呈綠色的灰色有暗淡的在身體上的垂直條紋。 在中央的鰭上的白色的邊緣與黑色的邊緣附近.(參考文獻 48635) 前鰓蓋骨圓形的, 非常細鋸齒狀; 角落沒有增大的棘, 下緣肉質的。

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Mainly a coastal species (Ref. 48635). Inhabits silty dead reefs in protected waters. May also be seen on live coral (Ref. 089707). Secretive (Ref. 37816). Feeds mainly on fish (Ref. 30531) and crustaceans (Ref. 089707). Courtship and pair spawning were observed by Donaldson (1989, Ref. 6900). Diandric protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 45317).

主要地一個沿岸魚種.(參考文獻 48635) 在有遮蔽的水域中棲息於淤泥的死珊瑚礁區。 躲躲藏藏的.(參考文獻 37816) 主要吃魚 (參考文獻 30531) 與甲殼動物。 求偶期與成對產卵被 Donaldson 觀察了。 (1989, 參考文獻 6900) 有雙雄蕊的雌性先熟的雌雄同體.(參考文獻 45317)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

印度-西太平洋: 肯亞到莫三比克南部向東至西太平洋。 記錄來自阿拉弗拉海了。 (參考文獻 9819) 不記錄自印度洋的大洋性島嶼, 除了亞達伯拉,科摩洛,馬達加斯加與安達曼群島與拉克沙群島。 未知的從紅海,波斯灣, 而且從密克羅尼西亞的島嶼除了帛琉。 從羅德里格斯記錄由 Heemstra& Randall(1984, 參考文獻 3153) 無法確認而且可能是錯誤的.(參考文獻 33390)

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 16 November 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的





人類使用

漁業: 自給性漁業; 水族館: 商業性
FAO - 漁業: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | 周邊海洋

更多資訊

俗名
同種異名
新陳代謝
捕食者
生態毒物學
繁殖
成熟度
產卵場
產卵群集
孕卵數

卵發育
參考文獻
養殖
養殖資訊
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遺傳學
Electrophoreses
遺傳率
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Nutrients
Mass conversion
合作者
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Stamps, Coins Misc.
聲音
神經毒
速度
泳型
鰓區
Otoliths
腦重體重比
眼睛色素

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網路資源

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1414 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.01049 - 0.01582), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  4.1   ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1-2).
Prior r = 0.38, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.57, Based on 4 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 58.7 [34.2, 104.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.613 [0.351, 1.150] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.6, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.175 [0.110, 0.277] g/100g; Selenium = 35.1 [19.2, 60.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 169 [64, 524] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.846 [0.610, 1.373] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.