分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus: Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 1 - 80 m (Ref. 90102). 熱帶; 32°N - 28°S, 95°E - 173°W
Indo-West Pacific: eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific east to Fiji, Tonga, and the Caroline Islands. This species is included in the Parupeneus trifasciatus complex where Parupeneus trifasciatus is restricted to the Indian Ocean and Parupeneus insularis from the Hawaiian Islands, French Polynesia, and Pitcairn Islands to the Marshalls, Mariana, Phoenix, and Samoa Islands.
印度-西太平洋: 東印度洋與西太平洋東至斐濟，東加, 與加羅林群島。 這種被包含在 三帶副緋鯉〔Parupeneus trifasciatus〕 被侷限於來自夏威夷群島，法屬玻里尼西亞與皮特凱恩群島到馬紹爾群島，馬里亞納群島，鳳凰島與美屬薩摩亞島的印度洋與 Parupeneus insularis 的 三帶副緋鯉〔Parupeneus trifasciatus〕 複合體內。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 38.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 90102)
背棘 (总数): 8; 背的软条 (总数): 9; 臀棘 1; 臀鳍软条: 7. Diagnosis: Pectoral rays 15-16 (rarely 15). Gill rakers 7-10 + 27-31 (total 35-40). Body depth 2.653.1 in SL (deeper body with growth); head length (HL) 2.8-3.15 in SL; snout length 1.75-1.95 in HL; barbels short, 1.45-1.75 in HL; longest dorsal spine 1.4-1.6 in HL; penultimate dorsal ray 1.2-1.5 in length of last dorsal ray; pectoral-fin length 1.25-1.45 in HL; pelvic-fin length 1.2-1.4 in HL. Color white, the scale edges yellow or yellowish gray, the posterior edge often enlarged to a distinct yellow spot; upper two-thirds of body with two very large oval black spots, the first centered below anterior spines of first dorsal fin and the second below anterior half or more of second dorsal fin and extending into basal part of fin; a large black spot on head behind and enclosing part of eye, extending diffusely toward comer of mouth; broad outer part of second dorsal and anal fins blue with narrow oblique dark-edged yellow bands; caudal fin streaked with dull blue and yellow; inner rim of iris bright red (Ref. 54393).
鉴别: 胸鳍鳍条 15-16.(很少地 15) 鳃耙 7-10+27-31.(总数 35-40) 体高 2.653.1 分之一标准体长 (较深的身体有成长); 头长 (HL)2.8-3.15 分之一标准体长; 吻的长度 1.75-1.95个 HL比率; 触须短, 1.45-1.75个 HL比率; 长的背棘 1.4-1.6个 HL比率; 倒数第二的背鳍鳍条最后背鳍鳍条的 1.2-1.5个长; 胸鳍长度 1.25-1.45个 HL比率; 腹鳍长度 1.2-1.4个 HL比率。 彩色白色, 鳞片边缘黄色或黃灰色的, 後緣時常增大對一個明顯的黃斑; 身體有二的上面三分之二非常大的橢圓形的黑色斑點, 在第一背鰭與第二個的前面棘之下在第二背鰭鰭的前面一半或更多之下集中而且延伸到鰭的基部部份內的第一個; 在頭部在後上的一個大的黑色斑點而且圍住眼的部份, 對於嘴的來的人擴散地延伸; 第二背鰭與臀鰭藍色的寬外部部份有狹窄的斜黑色邊的黃色條紋; 尾鰭條紋具有暗藍色與黃色的; 虹膜的內部邊緣鮮紅色.(參考文獻 54393)
Coastal to outer reef habitats. Juveniles usually in shallow surge channels on reef slopes adjacent to drop-offs. Adults usually seen resting on corals on reef crests (Ref. 48636).
海岸的到外围礁石栖息地。 在礁斜坡上的水浅的汹涌峡道的稚鱼通常邻近海峭壁。 成鱼通常见到在珊瑚礁冠上停留在珊瑚上。 (参考文献 48636)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋: 東印度洋與西太平洋東至斐濟，東加, 與加羅林群島。 這種被包含在 三帶副緋鯉〔Parupeneus trifasciatus〕 被侷限於來自夏威夷群島，法屬玻里尼西亞與皮特凱恩群島到馬紹爾群島，馬里亞納群島，鳳凰島與美屬薩摩亞島的印度洋與 Parupeneus insularis 的 三帶副緋鯉〔Parupeneus trifasciatus〕 複合體內。
Randall, J.E., 2004. Revision of the goatfish genus Parupeneus (Perciformes: Mullidae), with descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (36):64 p. (Ref. 54393)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.3 - 28.9, mean 27.7 °C (based on 350 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.00556 - 0.02601), b=3.10 (2.93 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.9 [15.6, 68.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.297 [0.150, 0.656] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [14.6, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.127 [0.073, 0.229] g/100g; Selenium = 56.3 [27.5, 127.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 195 [40, 801] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.512 [0.307, 0.976] mg/100g (wet weight);
