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Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus: Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on author: Lacepède.
Issue
Included in the Parupeneus trifasciatus complex are: Parupeneus trifasciatus, Indian Ocean; Parupeneus crassilabris, from eastern Indian Ocean to western Pacific, east to Fiji, Tonga, and Caroline Islands; Parupeneus insularis, the more eastern islands of Oceania.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / Mức độ sâu / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển Cùng sống ở rạn san hô; Mức độ sâu 0 - 80 m (Ref. 1602). Tropical; 24°N - 33°S, 28°E - 112°E
Indian Ocean: Oman and East Africa south to South Africa and east to Christmas Island and Java, Indonesia.
Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 30573); common length : 27.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 30573); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 656.00 g (Ref. 125599)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 8; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 9; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 1; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 7.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
This occasionally schooling species inhabits lagoon and seaward reefs: juveniles on reef flats, adults tend to occur around rocky or coralline areas of high vertical relief. Feeds on crustaceans at daytime and on fishes and crab larvae at night. Also feeds on worms (Ref. 6113). Occurs in 3 color forms. The Indian Ocean form has 2 sharply defined wedge-shaped bars become narrower and sometimes end on the belly. The Indo-Australian form has 3 very distinct dark patches and rows of yellow spots on the sides. The Pacific Plate form has 2 wide bars that extend to the belly (Ref. 37816). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Các trứng | Sự sinh sản | Ấu trùng
Randall, J.E. and R.F. Myers, 2002. Parupeneus insularis, a new central pacific species of goatfish (Perciformes:Mullidae) of the P. trifasciatus complex. Zool. Stud. 41(4):431-440. (Ref. 45589)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại
Các công cụ
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Tài liệu tham khảo
123201): 23.6 - 29, mean 27.8 °C (based on 1364 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Tài liệu tham khảo
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00536 - 0.01232), b=3.18 (3.06 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Tài liệu tham khảo
69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Thích nghi nhanh (Tài liệu tham khảo
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33.2 [16.8, 74.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.307 [0.155, 0.679] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [14.5, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.128 [0.073, 0.231] g/100g; Selenium = 56 [27, 128] μg/100g; VitaminA = 195 [39, 810] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.531 [0.319, 1.009] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
