分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 45 m (Ref. 58652). 热带; 35°N - 30°S, 30°E - 140°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Hawaiian, Line and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to Australia.
印度-太平洋: 红海而且东非到夏威夷群岛，列岛群岛与 Tuamoto 岛, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 22.6, range 23 - ? cm
Max length : 53.0 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 125599); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 57863); 最大体重: 3.6 kg (Ref. 125599)
背棘 (总数): 11; 背的软条 (总数): 11-12; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 11 - 12.
灰色的有暗淡的鳍。 当小的或亚成鱼有灰白的，形成水平线的鳞片中心沿着鳞片列。 背鳍与臀鳍的软棘的部位向前延长, 在垂直的后缘附近造成。 吻更多角下来相较于其他的种。 (参考文献 48636)
Found in aggregations over hard, algal coated bottoms of exposed, surf-swept outer reef flats, lagoon and seaward reefs, to a depth of at least 24 m (Ref. 30573). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Juveniles associated with floating material (Ref. 58302). Mainly herbivorous, feeding on seaweed and associated invertebrates (Ref. 30573). Appear to be more commonly involved in hallucinogenic fish poisoning than most other related species (Ref. 4690). Caught with other types of artisanal gear. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
聚集在暴露，海浪冲刷的外礁平台，泻湖与临海礁石的坚硬海藻覆盖底部上了, 到深度至少 24 公尺。 主要食草, 吃海草与相连的无脊椎动物.(参考文献 30573) 超过其他大部分的相关种似乎更常牵涉到引起幻觉的鱼毒。 (参考文献 4690) 用其他类型的渔民专业网具捕获了。 最小深度报告取自参考文献 30874 。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous (Ref. 101771).印度-太平洋: 红海而且东非到夏威夷群岛，列岛群岛与 Tuamoto 岛, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲。
Knudsen, S.W. and K.D. Clements, 2013. Revision of the fish family Kyphosidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). Zootaxa 3751(1):001-101. (Ref. 95491)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29, mean 27.7 °C (based on 854 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.01253 - 0.03176), b=3.01 (2.87 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.25).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 43.6 [27.1, 58.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.56 [0.38, 0.86] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.123 [0.091, 0.167] g/100g; Selenium = 34.6 [22.7, 54.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 63.4 [24.5, 160.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.27 [0.97, 1.64] mg/100g (wet weight);
