Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin récifal; non migrateur; profondeur 4 - 300 m (Ref. 11888). Tropical; 37°N - 34°S, 28°E - 169°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Indian Ocean: restricted.
Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm 27.0, range 23 - 31 cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 89707); common length : 50.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 5450); poids max. publié: 7.0 kg (Ref. 4787); âge max. reporté: 29 années (Ref. 42001)
Épines dorsales (Total): 11; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total): 16-18; Épines anales 3; Rayons mous anaux: 8. Live color whitish, with small dark brown spots on head, body, and fins except ventrally on head, thorax, and lower abdomen. Can assume a transient color phase of 3-4 rows of very large round dark spots on top of the small-spot pattern. 96-125 scales in longitudinal series. Pyloric caeca 26-52 (Ref. 04787); characterized further by having ctenoid body scales, except cycloid scales on nape, thorax, parts of ventral abdomen; body with auxiliary scales; greatest depth of body 2.8-3.3 in SL; truncate to slightly emarginate caudal fin; pelvic fins 1.7-2.4 in head length (Ref. 90102); interorbital slightly convex; preopercle angle rounded, 4-7 enlarged serrae at angle below a slight notch; upper edge of operculum straight; posterior nostril not noticeably larger than anterior nostril; maxilla reaches about to vertical at rear edge of eye; scaly maxilla, low step on posterior part of ventral edge; 2-4 rows of teeth in midlateral part of lower jaw, inner ones about twice the size of outer teeth (Ref. 089707).
Found over a wide range of habitats like seagrass beds and outer reef slopes (Ref. 5213), also on mud bottoms. Solitary (Ref. 90102). Feed on small fishes and crustaceans (mainly stomatopods and crabs). Sexual transition from female to male occurs between 35-45 cm, but not all females change sex. Mature individuals form spawning aggregations (Ref. 55367). E. chlorostigma is closely related and very similar to E. polylepis and E. gabriellae which seem to replace it in the northwestern Indian Ocean. Solitary (Ref. 90102).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Sex change occurs at length of 46.4 cm TL and 3 years of age (Ref. 55367). Also Ref. 6976.
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: commercial
Plus d'informations
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Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.1 - 28.2, mean 25.8 °C (based on 1091 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00655 - 0.01674), b=3.03 (2.90 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (K=0.17-0.19; tmax=29; tm=2-3; Fec = 1,014,818).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 19.5 [9.1, 41.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.438 [0.234, 0.879] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.0, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.136 [0.084, 0.221] g/100g; Selenium = 53.6 [30.9, 95.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 139 [40, 484] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.75, 1.49] mg/100g (wet weight);
