分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes)
頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) >
Hemiramphidae (Halfbeaks)
鱵科 (Halfbeaks)
Etymology: Hemiramphus: Greek, hemi = half + Greek, rhamphos = bill, peak (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 0 - 6 m (Ref. 86942). 亞熱帶的; 35°N - 36°S, 18°E - 159°W
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Samoa, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Migrated to the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal.
印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到美屬薩摩亞, 北至琉球群島, 南至澳洲北部與新加勒多尼亞。 經由蘇伊士運河迴游到地中海的東部了。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 23.1, range 18 - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大年齡: 4 年 (Ref. 126539)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 12-15; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 12. Greatly prolonged, beak-like lower jaw; upper jaw short, triangular and without scales; preorbital ridge absent; total number of gill rakers on first gill arch 25-36; pectoral fins short, not reaching past nasal pit when folded forward; with 3-9 (usually 4-6) vertical bars on the sides. (Ref. 9843). Color bluish dorsally, silvery on sides. 36-41 predorsal scales. Lower lobe of caudal fin longer than upper lobe. Dorsal and anal fins located posteriorly.
非常延長, 鳥嘴形的下頜; 上頜短的, 三角形的而且沒有鱗片; 眶前骨脊不存在; 在第一個鰓弓 25-36 上的鰓耙的總數; 胸鰭短, 不延伸到鼻窩當向前捲; 側邊上有三個 -9(通常 4-6)個縱帶。 (參考文獻 9843). 藍色的背面, 銀色的在側邊上。 36-41個前背的鱗片。 尾鰭下葉比上葉長。 背鰭與臀鰭位置向後。
Occur in coastal waters of high islands and continental shorelines; generally in areas rich in vegetation (Ref. 5213) and sand flats (Ref. 48635). Form schools. Adults feed mainly on seagrasses, to a lesser extent on green algae and diatoms (Ref. 9843). Breed in estuaries (Ref. 4164). Marketed fresh and dried salted (Ref. 5284, 9843); meat tasty (Ref. 637). Also caught with dragnets (Ref. 30573) and dipnets.
出現在高的島沿岸水域與大陸的海岸線; 通常在區域中豐富的在植物 (參考文獻 5213) 與沙地淺灘。 (參考文獻 48635) 形成魚群。 成魚主要捕食海草，少部分的綠藻與矽藻。 (參考文獻 9843) 在河口中繁殖。 (參考文獻 4164) 在市場上銷售了生鮮或乾漬了;(參考文獻 5284,9843) 肉好吃的.(參考文獻 637) 也用拖網 (參考文獻 30573) 與手抄網捕獲。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到美屬薩摩亞, 北至琉球群島, 南至澳洲北部與新加勒多尼亞。 經由蘇伊士運河迴游到地中海的東部了。
Collette, B.B. and J. Su, 1986. The halfbeaks (Pisces, Beloniformes, Hemiramphidae) of the Far East. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 138(1):250-301. (Ref. 10943)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 誘餌: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3383 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00380 (0.00291 - 0.00496), b=3.07 (3.01 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.7 ±0.30 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 61.2 [21.4, 168.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.643 [0.265, 1.468] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [16.1, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.165 [0.067, 0.461] g/100g; Selenium = 12.5 [4.9, 32.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 39.7 [9.5, 186.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.61, 1.80] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
