Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 1 - 150 m (Ref. 6790), usually 30 - 60 m (Ref. 6790). Subtropical; 46°N - 16°S, 14°E - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Gibraltar to the Gulf of Guinea; probably further south. Known from the Mediterranean (Ref. 231).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6790)
Found on sand and mud bottoms on the continental shelf from shoreline to a depth of about 150 m (Ref. 6790). Oviparous (Ref. 4675). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 4675).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Roux, C., 1990. Trachinidae. p. 893-895. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6790)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2)
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
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