分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Issue
Pampus cinereus is considered a valid species according to Liu et al., 2013 (Ref. 95516) and P. liuorum Liu & Li, 2013 (Ref. 95101) is a junior synonym of Pampus cinereus according to Yin et al., 2019 (Ref. 123875).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 底中水层性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 5 - 110 m (Ref. 12260). 亞熱帶的; 46°N - 10°S, 47°E - 142°E
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf to Indonesia, north to Hokkaido, Japan. Extralimital captures have been made from the Adriatic and off Hawaii. Not recorded from Australasia. Northeastern Atlantic: 3 reports of capture reported from this area (Ref. 86350).
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣到印尼, 北至日本北海道。 從亞得里亞海與外海的夏威夷已經被滅絕性的魚撈滅絕。 從大洋洲沒有紀錄。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 25.3, range 18 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9811); common length : 30.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9811); 最大年龄: 7 年 (Ref. 45538)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 37-43; 脊椎骨: 34 - 37. Body firm, very deep, oval, and compressed. Operculum absent; gill opening reduced to a vertical slit on the side of the body; gill membrane broadly united to isthmus. Dorsal and anal fins preceded by a series of 5 to 10 blade-like spines with anterior and posterior points. Pelvic fins absent. Caudal fin deeply forked, the lower lobe longer than the upper. Color is gray above grading to silvery white towards the belly, with small black dots all over the body. Fins are faintly yellow; vertical fins with dark edges.
身体结实的, 非常深的﹐椭圆形的﹐与扁长形的。 鳃盖不存在; 缩小成一个垂直的裂缝鳃裂在身体侧边上; 鳃薄膜宽广地连接到峡部了。 背鳍与臀鳍前面有有着前面与后面的点的一系列的 5 到 10根刀剑状的棘了。 腹鳍不存在。 尾鳍深深地分岔, 下面的叶长度超过上面者。 色彩是灰色之上渐层色到银白色向腹面, 在全身体有小的黑色点。 鳍微弱黄色; 垂直的鳍有深色的边缘。
Inshore species, usually in schools over muddy bottoms, associated with fish species like Nemipterus and Leiognathus. Adults feed on ctenophores, salps, medusae, and other zooplankton groups. Western populations spawn from late winter through the summer with peaks from April to June. Sold fresh in local markets or shipped frozen to urban centers. Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
沿海地区种, 通常成群聚集在泥沙底上面, 伴随着鱼种例如 Nemipterus 与 Leiognathus. 吃栉水母，被囊动物，水母与其他的浮游动物群。 西方族群从冬季末经过产卵夏天在四月到六月达到高峰。 在地方市场中生鲜贩卖或者把冷冻装船运送给都市的中心了。 被用于中药材了。 (参考文献 12166)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣到印尼, 北至日本北海道。 從亞得里亞海與外海的夏威夷已經被滅絕性的魚撈滅絕。 從大洋洲沒有紀錄。
Haedrich, R.L., 1984. Stromateidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3517)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.9 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1636 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5313 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01820 (0.01402 - 0.02362), b=3.02 (2.95 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.24-0.26; tmax=7; Fec=5,470).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 9 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.2 [12.9, 71.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.423 [0.222, 1.065] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [17, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.264 [0.154, 0.448] g/100g; Selenium = 68.2 [22.3, 198.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.21 [1.85, 26.63] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.442 [0.263, 0.770] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
