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Siluriformes (Catfishes) >
Bagridae (Bagrid catfishes)
Etymology: Bagrus: Mozarabic, bagre, taken from Greek, pagros = a fish (Dentex sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
; Nước ngọt gần đáy; Mức độ sâu 0 - 60 m (Ref. 33611). Tropical; 9°S - 15°S
Africa: Endemic to Lake Malawi.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm 44.5, range 28 - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm SL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 4967); common length : 42.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 2781); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 9.5 kg (Ref. 52161)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng): 1; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng): 9-10; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 14 - 15. Head depressed, smooth or finely striated above; snout not or little projecting beyond lower jaw; premaxillary band of teeth 5-6.5 times as long as broad, nearly as broad as the band of vomerine teeth; maxillary barbel 2(juv.)-1 times head length, reaching to extremity of pelvics or beyond (<200mm), to extremity of pectoral (300-500mm) or hardly beyond gill-opening (>500mm); nasal barbel 2/5 (<100mm)-1/7 (>500mm) head length; outer mandibular barbel 3/4(juv.)-2/5 of head length; inner mandibular barbel 1/2(juv.)-1/5 of head length; gillrakers rather long, widely set (Ref. 52162). Occipital processus long and narrow (Ref. 52162, Ref. 2988). Dorsal fin short, last ray above or just in front of first ray of pelvic; dorsal spine smooth, feeble (Ref. 52162). Adipose fin large (Ref. 52161), 5(juv.)-11 (>600mm) times as long as deep (Ref. 52162). Dorsal fins widely separated (Ref. 4967, Ref. 2899), space 2/3-1 times length of base of rayed dorsal fin; pectoral spine smooth or very slightly serrated; caudal fin deeply forked with pointed lobes (Ref. 52162).
Coloration: brown or olive above, pale beneath, black dots or blotches scattered irregularly on the back, on the adipose dorsal and caudal fins, and sometimes also on the rayed dorsal (Ref. 52162).
Occurs from the lower reaches of rivers to the deepest habitable parts of the lake (Ref. 4967). Inhabits a variety of habitats (Ref. 52142). Feeds on small demersal cichlids (Ref. 52142) during the night (Ref. 5595). Juveniles mainly feed on trophic eggs released by the female (Ref. 36945), whilst the male helps the young in searching for invertebrates in and around the nest (Ref. 36945). Mutualistic relationship with cichlids concerning defense and feeding of young of both the cichlid and B. meridionalis (Ref. 52146). Symbiotic relationship of parasitized host-parasite eater exist with Pseudotropheus crabro, which eats away necrotic tissue and parasites, but also steals eggs (Ref. 42778). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Can produce sound as Amia or Synodontis species (Ref. 42447). Considered as a delicacy when smoked, making it one of the most highly priced fishes of Malawi (Ref. 52150).
Oviparous. Breeding sites may be found in rivers, lakes, ponds or swamps (Ref. 205). Breeding individuals are recorded at all depths, but the species appears to prefer shallow water (<50m) (Ref. 4916, 27004, 52142). It comes inshore to breed, a nest being made in shallow water on a sandy substrate (Ref. 4364). Nest are build by males, with a circular or oval shape, about 3 feet in diameter, the centre below the surface level (Ref. 4916). Reputed to breed among the rocks (Ref. 2781, 52146), with nest often build so that rocks provide extra cover (Ref. 4916). Small fish are being guarded in their nests (Ref. 52142). The female exhibits parental care of her brood of young, in co-operation with nest-guarding territorial cichlids (Ref. 27004). In other studies, parental care is exhibited by both male and female (Ref. 52178, 52179). Brood-mixing occurs when cichlid parents 'farm out' their young into broods of the catfish and in half the cases, the cichlid parents remain near by and assist in brood defence (Ref. 52143). Juveniles mainly feed on trophic eggs released by the female (Ref. 36945), whilst the male helps the young in searching for invertebrates in and around the nest (Ref. 36945). Mutualistic relationship with cichlids concerning defence and feeding of the young of both the cichlids and B. meridionalis (Ref. 52146). If the female, after laying the eggs, leaves the nest in charge of the male (which is generally smaller than the female) and goes back to deep water, this might account for the disparity in sex ratio observed between shallow and deep waters (Ref. 4364, 4916).
Banda, M., 2001. Population biology of the catfish Bagrus meridionalis from the southern part of Lake Malawi. p. 200-214. In O.L.F. Weyl and M.V. Weyl (eds.) Proceedings of the Lake Malawi Fisheries Management Symposium, 4th-9th June 2001 Capital Hotel, Lilongwe. National Aquatic Resource Management Programme (NARMAP), Government of Malawi. 272 p. (Ref. 52142)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại; Bể nuôi cá: Tính thương mại
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00446 - 0.01481), b=2.96 (2.80 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.63 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 12.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (K=0.09; tmax=17; tm=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 51.1 [26.2, 102.0] mg/100g; Iron = 1.31 [0.73, 2.42] mg/100g; Protein = 16.8 [15.5, 18.1] %; Omega3 = 0.234 [0.086, 0.588] g/100g; Selenium = 120 [46, 262] μg/100g; VitaminA = 34.8 [11.2, 119.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.02 [0.68, 1.56] mg/100g (wet weight);
