Environment: milieu / climate zone / نطاق العمق / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 1 - ? m (Ref. 48637), usually 1 - 20 m (Ref. 27115). Tropical; 23°C - 28°C (Ref. 27115); 35°N - 25°S, 77°E - 154°E
Indo-West Pacific: southern India, Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands, Thailand, southern and eastern coasts of China, Taiwan, Ryukyu, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Northern Territory in Australia.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9710); common length : 20.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9813)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 13; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 10; شوكة شرجية: 7; أشعه شرجية لينه: 9; فقرات: 13. A brown band running diagonally from nape to chin; another from 4th-5th dorsal spine base to pectoral fin base; ocular and shoulder bands spotted with blue; a zone of silvery yellow posterior and adjacent to the shoulder band. Preopercular angle 100°-111°; cheek scalation variable from few to almost fully scaled; midline of thorax fully scaled, sometimes with a row missing from pelvic ridges. A prominent rim or short tube encircle the anterior nostril, with a little peak on it posteriorly. Spines stout, fairly pungent and venomous.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
Inhabits shallow coastal waters, around hard coral reefs and areas of sand with patches of rock and soft coral. Tolerant of murky waters. Larger juveniles and adults occur in pairs in coastal reef flats, slopes and estuaries . Small juveniles are found in mangroves and enter freshwater, moving to reefs usually in small groups among corals (Ref. 48637). Feed on benthic seaweeds (Ref. 9813).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Woodland, D.J., 1990. Revision of the fish family Siganidae with descriptions of two new species and comments on distribution and biology. Indo-Pac. Fish. (19):136 p. (Ref. 1419)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً; حوض مائي: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 25.4 - 29.1, mean 28.3 °C (based on 1192 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.01036 - 0.03504), b=3.13 (2.97 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 2.7 ±0.31 se; based on food items.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 38.5 [18.8, 90.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.671 [0.313, 1.534] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.121 [0.063, 0.240] g/100g; Selenium = 20.3 [7.8, 50.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 33 [9, 121] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.42 [0.56, 3.07] mg/100g (wet weight);
