分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 ? - 120 m (Ref. 11230). 亞熱帶的; 41°N - 22°N, 117°E - 141°E (Ref. 54561)
Northwest Pacific: Yellow and East China seas.
西北太平洋: 黃海與東中國海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 18.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 559); 最大體重: 189.80 g (Ref. 124479); 最大年齡: 23 年
背棘 (總數) : 10 - 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 31 - 36; 臀棘: 2; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 10; 脊椎骨: 28 - 30. Body gold when fresh. Soft-rayed portions of dorsal and anal fins mostly covered with scales. Posterior part of pectoral fin not black. Anal soft rays usually 9 (Ref. 41299).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
身體新鮮時金色的。 背鰭與臀鰭的有軟鰭的部分大部份覆蓋著鱗片了。 胸鰭的較後面的部分不是黑色的。 臀鰭軟棘通常 9.(參考文獻 41299)
Found in the sublittoral zone above 120 m in sandy mud bottoms (Ref. 11230). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
在沙泥底中發現於在 120 公尺上面的亞潮帶了。 (參考文獻 11230) 被用於中藥材了。 (參考文獻 12166)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西北太平洋: 黃海與東中國海。
Trewavas, E., 1977. The sciaenid fishes (croakers or drums) of the Indo-west Pacific. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 33:253-541. (Ref. 5369)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 30 June 2016
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 水族館: 商業性
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (參考文獻
123201): 9.4 - 24.2, mean 16.7 °C (based on 107 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00813 - 0.00977), b=3.08 (3.06 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.7 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.0 (2.2 - 6.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=23; K=0.1-0.7).
Prior r = 0.70, 95% CL = 0.46 - 1.05, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
🛈
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
🛈
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 64.2 [35.8, 124.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.932 [0.475, 1.651] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.6, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.345 [0.178, 0.576] g/100g; Selenium = 29.6 [16.1, 59.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.4 [9.3, 99.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.742 [0.538, 1.065] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
