Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 0 - 146 m (Ref. 2850), usually 0 - 30 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical; 13°C - 22°C (Ref. 131086); 41°N - 27°N, 125°W - 114°W
Eastern Pacific: Redding Rock in northern California, USA to central Baja California, Mexico.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 35.6, range 32 - 39 cm
Max length : 61.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2850); max. published weight: 1.6 kg (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 30 years (Ref. 56049)
Sometimes found well off bottom, in or near kelp or over rocky reefs (Ref. 2850). Juveniles are pelagic (Ref. 36715). Viviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36715).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums
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