分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings)
鯡形目 (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies)
鯷科 (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Engraulis: Greek, eggraulis, -eos = anchovy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Jenyns.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的; 深度上下限 3 - 80 m. 亞熱帶的; 13°C - 23°C (Ref. 6); 5°S - 43°S, 82°W - 69°W (Ref. 54434)
Southeast Pacific: Aguja Point, Peru to Chiloé, Chile (distribution dependent on the coastal extent of the Peru Current).
東南太平洋: Aguja Point, 祕魯到智利的智羅島.(分布取決於祕魯水流的海岸範圍)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 12.0, range 10 - 12.5 cm
Max length : 20.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 189); common length : 14.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5504); 最大年齡: 3.00 年 (Ref. 189)
背棘 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0. Body elongate, slender, and rounded in cross section; snout long and prominent; lower branch of first gill arch with 34 to 49 gill rakers; anal fin with fewer than 22 rays, located behind dorsal fin base; body shiny blue or green (Ref. 55763). There is a silver stripe along flank in juveniles which disappears with age. The high number of gill rakers distinguishes it from all Pacific species of Anchoa.
一條銀色的斑紋在隨著年齡而消失的稚魚中沿著側面有。 鰓耙的高數字區別它和 Anchoa 的所有太平洋種。
Adults occur mainly within 80 km of coast, forming huge schools, chiefly in surface waters. Are filter-feeders entirely dependent on the rich plankton of the Peruvian Current. In some studies, diatoms constituted as much as 98% of the diet. Large populations of guano birds and pelicans also depend on this fish (Ref. 9988). Utilized as fish meal and oil (Ref. 9988).
主要地生存在海岸 80 公里之內,形成極大的魚群, 主要地在水表面中。 一個濾食動物完全地取決於祕魯水流的豐饒浮游生物。 在一些研究中，矽藻構成了多達 98% 的食性。 糞鳥與鵜鶘的大族群也仰賴這一個魚。 (參考文獻 9988) 用來作魚粉與油了。 (參考文獻 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Eggs ellipsoidal.東南太平洋: Aguja Point, 祕魯到智利的智羅島.(分布取決於祕魯水流的海岸範圍)
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17 - 20.8, mean 19.7 °C (based on 10 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00364 - 0.00574), b=3.12 (3.08 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.3 (1.1 - 1.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 60
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.6-0.9; tm=1; tmax=3; batch fecundity > 10,000).
Prior r = 0.83, 95% CL = 0.55 - 1.25, Based on 4 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 233 [104, 574] mg/100g; Iron = 1.55 [0.73, 3.65] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.4, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.764 [0.444, 1.331] g/100g; Selenium = 16.8 [7.9, 39.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11 [2, 47] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.18 [0.73, 1.89] mg/100g (wet weight);
