Environment: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / distribution range
Ecologie
marien demersaal; diepte ? - 146 m (Ref. 58018). Subtropical; 38°N - 9°N
Western Atlantic: Virginia, USA and Bahamas to Venezuela.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturiteit: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.4 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 55642)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 12; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 9; Anale stekels: 3; Anale zachte stralen: 5. Snout short and almost equal to orbit diameter; third dorsal spine not elongated (Ref. 13608).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Have a thick glandular tissue on posterior margin of fin spines which is believed to be venomous (Ref. 57406).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.3 - 28, mean 25.9 °C (based on 330 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00644 - 0.01868), b=3.07 (2.92 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
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