Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
; air tawar; payau bentopelagis; pH range: 5.0 - 6.5; dH range: 0 - 6. Tropical; 23°C - 29°C (Ref. 40602)
South America: Orinoco River basin, in the upper Orinoco River drainage in Colombia and Venezuela; Amazon River basin, in the upper Negro River basin.
Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 6466); common length : 13.5 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 12193)
Up to 200 eggs are deposited on stones or roots and defended by both parents: larvae are taken into the mouth. Parental care can last up to 6 weeks (Ref. 40602).
Kullander, S.O., 2003. Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Akuarium: Komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03020 (0.01346 - 0.06774), b=3.03 (2.84 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 2.9 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (tm<1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
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