Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي وابسته به آب سنگ; اقیانوس رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 1 - ? m (Ref. 9988). Temperate; 45°N - 25°N
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Maine to northeastern Florida in USA and eastern Gulf of Mexico; reaches extreme southern Florida during cold winters.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm 19.1, range 11 - ? cm
Max length : 66.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 40637); common length : 30.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 3708); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 4.3 kg (Ref. 4699); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 20 سال ها (Ref. 34089)
Commonly found around rock jetties and on rocky bottoms in shallow water. Marketed fresh and eaten fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
Also Ref. 32209, 103751.
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله; آكواريوم: آکواریوم عمومی
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.8 - 24.9, mean 23.6 °C (based on 244 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00969 - 0.01361), b=3.04 (2.99 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.23-0.46; tmax=20).
Prior r = 0.31, 95% CL = 0.20 - 0.46, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.3 [5.8, 21.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.206 [0.105, 0.391] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [16.9, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.401 [0.220, 0.718] g/100g; Selenium = 9.98 [4.95, 22.14] μg/100g; VitaminA = 60 [17, 246] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.411 [0.270, 0.632] mg/100g (wet weight);
