Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 5 - 92 m (Ref. 9710), usually 15 - 40 m (Ref. 55199). Subtropical; 36°N - 25°S, 98°W - 33°W
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA to northern South America, including the eastern Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Eastern Atlantic.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm ?, range 8 - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 4858)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 13 - 14; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 20 - 22; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 17 - 19. Edges of the scales yellowish on back; a black bar on head through eye; a broad blackish bar across caudal peduncle which extends into soft portions of dorsal fin above and anal fin below; caudal fin light yellow, white at base (Ref. 13442).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
Inhabit coral reefs. Prefer to feed on eggs of Abudefduf saxatilis (Ref. 9626) but also on polychaete worms, shrimps, amphipods and hydroids. Oviparous (Ref. 205). Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205).
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Allen, G.R., 1985. Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); Ενυδρείο: Εμπορικό(ά)
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Αναφ.
123201): 22.7 - 28, mean 26.1 °C (based on 274 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Αναφ.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02344 (0.01389 - 0.03957), b=3.02 (2.87 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Αναφ.
69278): 3.9 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Αναφ.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (Fec = 7,800).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 61.8 [27.2, 144.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.822 [0.414, 1.581] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.2, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.218 [0.112, 0.427] g/100g; Selenium = 18.1 [7.6, 38.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 33.4 [7.7, 149.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.867 [0.513, 1.354] mg/100g (wet weight);
