分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
More on author: Girard.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 46 m (Ref. 2850), usually 3 - 15 m (Ref. 2850). 亞熱帶的; 34°N - 20°N, 121°W - 109°W
Eastern Pacific: California, USA to Baja California, Mexico.
東太平洋: 到墨西哥的下加利福尼亞的美國加州。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?, range 27 - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9118); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9118); 最大體重: 700.00 g (Ref. 2850); 最大年齡: 20 年 (Ref. 72462)
Common species found near the bottom, often in caves and crevices of exposed coasts and open bays (Ref. 9118). Feeds on crabs (Ref. 9118).
普遍的種在底部的附近發現, 常見於裸露海岸的洞穴與裂隙與開放的海灣中。 (參考文獻 9118) 吃螃蟹。 (參考文獻 9118)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 240).東太平洋: 到墨西哥的下加利福尼亞的美國加州。
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (參考文獻
123201): 16.7 - 24.2, mean 22.3 °C (based on 110 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00541 - 0.01611), b=3.10 (2.96 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.6 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.18).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
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