分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Centrarchiformes (Basses) >
Centrarchidae (Sunfishes)
Etymology: Pomoxis: Greek, poma, -atos = cover, operculum + Greek, oxys = sharp (Ref. 45335); nigromaculatus: nigromaculatus meaning black spotted (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Lesueur.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性; pH range: 6.0 - 7.5; 深度上下限 0 - ? m (Ref. 1998). 溫帶; 14°C - 31°C (Ref. 12741); 50°N - 25°N, 100°W - 73°W (Ref. 120640)
North America: The native range is difficult to determine due to its widespread introduction throughout the USA but it is presumably Atlantic Slope from Virginia to Florida, Gulf Slope west to Texas in the USA, St. Lawrence-Great Lakes, Hudson Bay (Red River), and Mississippi River basins from Quebec to Manitoba in Canada south to the Gulf in the USA.
北美洲: 在原產地難以決定的美國各處廣泛地引入; 可能來自維吉尼亞到佛羅里達的大西洋斜坡, 海灣斜坡西至在美國, 聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區中的德克薩斯，而且來自魁北克到加拿大的曼尼托巴的密西西比河流域南至墨西哥灣。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 49.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 86798); common length : 27.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大体重: 2.7 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 15 年 (Ref. 46974)
Inhabits lakes, ponds, sloughs, and backwaters and pools of streams (Ref. 1998, 10294). Usually occurs among vegetation over mud or sand, most common in clear water (Ref. 86798). Forms schools (Ref. 1998). Feeds early in the morning, from midnight to 2 am (Ref. 1998). Individuals up to 16 cm feed on planktonic crustaceans and free-swimming, nocturnal, and dipterous larvae; larger individuals feed on small fishes (Ref. 1998, 10294). May be preyed upon by other fishes (Ref. 1998).
栖息于湖，池塘，泥坑与洄水区与溪中的水潭。 通常在泥或沙子上的植物之中出现, 常见于清澈的水域。 形成鱼群。 (参考文献 1998) 从午夜到早上 2 点, 为食清晨。 (参考文献 1998) 个体向上到 16 公分吃浮游性甲壳动物与游离于水中，夜行的, 与双翅目昆虫幼生; 较大的个体吃小鱼。 (参考文献 1998) 可能是被其他的鱼捕食。 (参考文献 1998)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Nests are built by males, by clearing an area on the sand, mud or gravel bottom. Females probably spawn with different males in more than one nest (Ref. 1998). Males guard the eggs for about 5 days (Ref. 93240).北美洲: 在原產地難以決定的美國各處廣泛地引入; 可能來自維吉尼亞到佛羅里達的大西洋斜坡, 海灣斜坡西至在美國, 聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區中的德克薩斯，而且來自魁北克到加拿大的曼尼托巴的密西西比河流域南至墨西哥灣。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00891 - 0.01288), b=3.06 (3.01 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.8 ±0.62 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.8 (2.0 - 9.9) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.11-0.45; tmax=13; Fec=26,700).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 44.5 [23.0, 99.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.92 [0.54, 1.63] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.2, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.408 [0.167, 1.061] g/100g; Selenium = 25.4 [9.7, 64.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.1 [6.4, 68.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.907 [0.596, 1.396] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
