分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Centrarchiformes (Basses)
鱸形目 (Basses) >
Centrarchidae (Sunfishes)
棘臀魚科 (Sunfishes)
Etymology: Pomoxis: Greek, poma, -atos = cover, operculum + Greek, oxys = sharp (Ref. 45335); nigromaculatus: nigromaculatus meaning black spotted (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Lesueur.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 6.0 - 7.5; 深度上下限 0 - ? m (Ref. 1998). 溫帶; 14°C - 31°C (Ref. 12741); 50°N - 25°N, 100°W - 73°W (Ref. 120640)
North America: The native range is difficult to determine due to its widespread introduction throughout the USA but it is presumably Atlantic Slope from Virginia to Florida, Gulf Slope west to Texas in the USA, St. Lawrence-Great Lakes, Hudson Bay (Red River), and Mississippi River basins from Quebec to Manitoba in Canada south to the Gulf in the USA.
北美洲: 在原產地難以決定的美國各處廣泛地引入; 可能來自維吉尼亞到佛羅里達的大西洋斜坡, 海灣斜坡西至在美國, 聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區中的德克薩斯，而且來自魁北克到加拿大的曼尼托巴的密西西比河流域南至墨西哥灣。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 49.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 86798); common length : 27.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大體重: 2.7 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 15 年 (Ref. 46974)
Inhabits lakes, ponds, sloughs, and backwaters and pools of streams (Ref. 1998, 10294). Usually occurs among vegetation over mud or sand, most common in clear water (Ref. 86798). Forms schools (Ref. 1998). Feeds early in the morning, from midnight to 2 am (Ref. 1998). Individuals up to 16 cm feed on planktonic crustaceans and free-swimming, nocturnal, and dipterous larvae; larger individuals feed on small fishes (Ref. 1998, 10294). May be preyed upon by other fishes (Ref. 1998).
棲息於湖，池塘，泥坑與洄水區與溪中的水潭。 (參考文獻 1998,10294) 通常在泥或沙子上的植物之中出現, 常見於清澈的水域。 形成魚群。 (參考文獻 1998) 從午夜到早上 2 點, 為食清晨。 (參考文獻 1998) 個體向上到 16 公分吃浮游性甲殼動物與游離於水中﹐夜行的, 與雙翅目昆蟲幼生; 較大的個體吃小魚。 (參考文獻 1998,10294) 可能是被其他的魚捕食。 (參考文獻 1998)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Nests are built by males, by clearing an area on the sand, mud or gravel bottom. Females probably spawn with different males in more than one nest (Ref. 1998). Males guard the eggs for about 5 days (Ref. 93240).北美洲: 在原產地難以決定的美國各處廣泛地引入; 可能來自維吉尼亞到佛羅里達的大西洋斜坡, 海灣斜坡西至在美國, 聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區中的德克薩斯，而且來自魁北克到加拿大的曼尼托巴的密西西比河流域南至墨西哥灣。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 March 2012
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00891 - 0.01288), b=3.06 (3.01 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.8 ±0.62 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.8 (2.0 - 9.9) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.11-0.45; tmax=13; Fec=26,700).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 44.5 [23.0, 99.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.92 [0.54, 1.63] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.2, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.408 [0.167, 1.061] g/100g; Selenium = 25.4 [9.7, 64.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.1 [6.4, 68.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.907 [0.596, 1.396] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
