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Gadiformes (Cods) >
Macrouridae (Grenadiers or rattails)
Etymology: Coryphaenoides: Greek, koryphaina = dolphin fish + Suffix oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
นิเวศวิทยา
เกี่ยวกับทะเล,น้ำเค็ม สัตว์ผิวน้ำในเขตน้ำลึก; ระดับความลึก 180 - 2600 m (Ref. 58426), usually 400 - 1200 m (Ref. 1371). Deep-water; 73°N - 20°N, 77°W - 32°E
North Atlantic: from about 37°N to Baffin Island and Greenland in the western Atlantic, and off Iceland and Norway to 73°N to Barents Sea, south to North Africa in the eastern Atlantic. Reported to occur from the tongue of the Ocean east of Andros Islands (about 24°N, 77°W) in the Bahamas.
Length at first maturity / ขนาด / น้ำหนัก / Age
Maturity: Lm 52.7, range 60 - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 35388); น้ำหนักสูงสุดที่มีการรายงาน: 1.7 kg (Ref. 40637); อายุสูงสุดที่ได้รายงาน: 54 ปี (Ref. 41452)
เงี่ยงครีบหลัง (รวม): 2; เงี่ยงครีบก้น 0. Head broad, rather soft; snout broad, rounded, with a large blunt tubercular scute at its tip; chin with small barbel. Scales relatively adherent; spinules dense on body scales, long, thin and recurved, narrowly lanceolate, with longitudinal anterior concavity. Pyloric caeca 29 to 31, long and slender. Color medium brown to grayish; orbits, oral and branchial cavities, and fins blackish to brownish gray.
Benthopelagic to bathypelagic in about 400 and 1200 m depth. Minimum depth from Ref. 1371. Form large schools at 600 to 900 m depth (Ref. 9988). Feed on a variety of fish and invertebrates, but primarily on pelagic crustaceans such as shrimps, amphipods and cumaceans; cephalopods and lantern fishes constitute a lesser portion of the diet. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). This species is currently facing overexploitation in the North Atlantic. Utilized frozen and for fishmeal; can be fried and baked (Ref. 9988).
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 2.7 - 9.4, mean 4.5 °C (based on 270 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00219 (0.00111 - 0.00431), b=3.20 (3.03 - 3.37), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ระดับชั้นอาหาร (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.56 se; based on food items.
ความสามารถในการกลับคืนสู่ปกติ (Ref.
120179): ต่ำ, เวลาต่ำสุดที่จะทำให้ประชากรเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 2 เท่าใช้เวลา 4.5 - 14 ปี (K=0.1; tm=9-11; tmax=54; Fec=10,000).
Prior r = 0.35, 95% CL = 0.23 - 0.53, Based on 4 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.4 [5.5, 40.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.296 [0.130, 0.842] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.4, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.104 [0.041, 0.263] g/100g; Selenium = 26.9 [9.0, 74.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21.2 [2.7, 168.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.429 [0.232, 0.866] mg/100g (wet weight);
