分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes)
頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) >
Hemiramphidae (Halfbeaks)
鱵科 (Halfbeaks)
Etymology: Hemiramphus: Greek, hemi = half + Greek, rhamphos = bill, peak (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Gilbert & Starks.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋 pelagic-oceanic; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - ? m. 亞熱帶的
Eastern Pacific: southern California, USA to Panama, including the Galapagos Islands; rare in northern Baja California, Mexico. Range extends to Ecuador (Ref. 36576).
東太平洋: 美國的南加州到巴拿馬, 包括加拉巴哥群島; 稀有的在墨西哥的下加利福尼亞北部中。 範圍延伸到厄瓜多。 (參考文獻 36576)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 48.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2850); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9306); 最大體重: 223.25 g (Ref. 124487)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 12 - 15; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 11 - 13; 脊椎骨: 54 - 58. Body elongate; lower jaw very prolonged; upper jaw short, triangular, and without scales; lower branch of first gill arch with 26 to 32 gill rakers; fins lacking spines; pectoral fins long; caudal fin deeply forked, the lower lobe longer than the upper; anal fin with 10 to 13 rays; back dark blue; flanks and belly silvery white; edge of lower jaw red; upper lobe of caudal fin violet blue, its tip red (Ref. 55763). Branchiostegal rays: 13-15 (Ref. 36576).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
鰓條骨: 13-15.(參考文獻 36576)
An oceanic species which occurs near surface. Adults form very big schools (Ref. 9306). Feed on small fishes and planktonic organisms (Ref. 9306). Oviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36576). Eggs are attached to floating objects via filaments (Ref. 36576). Found in markets of Panama (Ref. 9306).
生活於靠近表面的一個大洋性的種。 成魚形成非常大的魚群。 (參考文獻 9306) 捕食小魚與浮游生物生物。 (參考文獻 9306) 卵生的, 仔魚為浮游性.(參考文獻 36576) 卵經由絲狀突起被依附於漂浮的目標。 (參考文獻 36576) 發現於巴拿馬的市場了。 (參考文獻 9306)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 36576).東太平洋: 美國的南加州到巴拿馬, 包括加拉巴哥群島; 稀有的在墨西哥的下加利福尼亞北部中。 範圍延伸到厄瓜多。 (參考文獻 36576)
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 21 May 2007
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 誘餌: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (參考文獻
123201): 15.2 - 26.4, mean 19.7 °C (based on 68 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00398 (0.00219 - 0.00722), b=2.97 (2.81 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 4.0 ±0.65 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
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