分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods)
鱈形目 (Cods) >
Phycidae (Phycid hakes)
褐鱈科 (Phycid hakes)
Etymology: Urophycis: Greek, oura = tail + Greek, phyke, pykis, -idos = the female of a fish that lives among algae (Greek = phykon), related with the gudgeon (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 35 - 1152 m (Ref. 57178), usually 110 - 130 m. 溫帶; 51°N - 33°N, 79°W - 58°W
Northwest Atlantic: North Carolina to southern Nova Scotia, straying to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Rare European records are probably misidentifications of Urophycis tenuis.
西北大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州到新斯科舍省南部, 迷路到聖勞倫斯灣。 稀有的歐洲記錄是可能是 白長鰭鱈〔Urophycis tenuis〕 的誤鑑.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 26.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 66.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 最大體重: 3.6 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0. First dorsal fin ray elongated. Pelvic fins also reaching about the anal fin origin. Body color variable, reddish to olive brown dorsally, sometimes very dark or mottled; lower sides paler, sometimes with dusky dots; belly and underside of the head pale. A dusky blotch present on the opercle. The fins are generally dark, except for the pelvic fins, which are pale.
第一背鰭鰭條延長。 腹鰭也大約達到臀鰭起源。 體色可變的, 淡紅的到黃褐色的背面, 有時非常黑或有斑點的; 下側灰白,有時有暗色的點; 腹面與頭部的下面灰白的。 一個暗色的斑塊位於鰓蓋之上。 鰭通常黑, 除了腹鰭, ，那是灰白的。
Found on soft muddy and sandy bottoms, but never on rocks, gravel or shells. Juveniles live along the coasts at shallow depths (4-6 m); adults migrate to deeper waters, generally to between 110 and 130 m, and in some instances, to over 550 m. Juveniles live in scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) and remain close to scallop beds until they mature (Ref. 9988). They prefer temperatures of 8-10°C (Ref. 5951). Feed on shrimps, amphipods and other crustaceans, also on squid and herring, flatfish, mackerel and others. Utilized fresh, dried or salted and frozen; also small fish are used for fishmeal ; eaten steamed, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Maximum depth reported from Ref. 57178.
棲息於軟泥與砂質底部., 但是從不在岩石，礫石或貝殼上。 稚魚活的在深度淺的地方 (4-6 公尺) 沿著海岸; 成魚迴游到較深的水域,通常到 110 與 130 公尺之間, 與在一些例證，到超過 550 公尺中。 稚魚生活於有荷葉邊的 ( Placopecten magellanicus) 而且保持直到他們接近有荷葉邊的床成熟的.(參考文獻 9988) 它偏愛 8-10 °C 的溫度。 (參考文獻 5951) 捕食蝦，片腳類動物與其他的甲殼動物, 也吃烏賊與鯡魚，比目魚, 鯖與其它。 生鮮使用, 乾燥或鹽醃與冷凍; 小魚也是製成魚漿 ; 清蒸, 微波而且燒烤。 (參考文獻 9988) 最大的深度記錄自.參考文獻 57178.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西北大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州到新斯科舍省南部, 迷路到聖勞倫斯灣。 稀有的歐洲記錄是可能是 白長鰭鱈〔Urophycis tenuis〕 的誤鑑.
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 1.6 - 11.1, mean 5 °C (based on 23 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5044 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00407 (0.00319 - 0.00520), b=3.11 (3.04 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.19; tm=2-3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.7 [17.1, 58.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.353 [0.196, 0.651] mg/100g; Protein = 17.2 [16.0, 18.5] %; Omega3 = 0.412 [0.217, 0.750] g/100g; Selenium = 25.8 [13.2, 49.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.2 [4.3, 55.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.435 [0.306, 0.627] mg/100g (wet weight);
