Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 1 - 500 m (Ref. 5951), usually 20 - ? m (Ref. 9710). Subtropical; 45°N - 8°N, 87°W - 59°W
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA to Venezuela, including eastern portion of the Gulf of Mexico and continental coastal regions of the Caribbean Sea, with a single record from the Bahamas. Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 38.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)
3 prominent black spots on side, each surrounded by lighter ring (Ref. 26938).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Inhabits rocky and coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Largest species of frogfish in western Atlantic (Ref. 26938).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Oviparous.
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: subsistence fisheries; aquarium: commercial
Tools
Special reports
Download XML
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.6 - 28, mean 26 °C (based on 316 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02630 (0.01029 - 0.06725), b=2.96 (2.73 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.68 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Fec assumed to be > 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 21.2 [9.1, 63.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.501 [0.252, 0.927] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [17.2, 22.9] %; Omega3 = 0.201 [0.077, 0.524] g/100g; Selenium = 23.5 [10.1, 59.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 41.9 [9.9, 198.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.592 [0.360, 0.936] mg/100g (wet weight);
