分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Hexanchiformes (Frill and cow sharks) >
Hexanchidae (Cow sharks)
Etymology: Notorynchus: Etymology not explained, presumably noto(s) (Gr.), back, possibly referring to posterior placement of single dorsal fin; rhynchus (L.), snout, possibly referring to broad, depressed snout. (See ETYFish); cepedianus: -anus, Latin adjectival suffix that means, when attached to a name, “belonging to”: Bernard Germain Étienne de La Ville-sur-Illon, comte de [count of] La Cepède (also spelled as La Cépède, Lacépède and Lacepède, 1756-1825), author of Histoire Naturelle des Poissons (1798-1803) and Péron’s “illustrious master” (translation) in ichthyology. (See ETYFish).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 570 m (Ref. 26346), usually ? - 80 m (Ref. 5578). 亞熱帶的; 56°N - 55°S, 131°W - 177°E (Ref. 54680)
Circumglobal: In tropical to temperate waters; except North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Southwest Atlantic: southern Brazil to northern Argentina. Southeast Atlantic: Namibia to East London, South Africa (Ref. 5578). Western Pacific: southern Japan to New Zealand. Eastern Pacific: British Columbia, Canada to Chile. Record from India maybe erroneous.
所有的海洋.(除北大西洋與地中海) 西南大西洋: 巴西南部到阿根廷北部。 東南大西洋: 那米比亞到南非的東倫敦.(參考文獻 5578) 西太平洋: 日本南部到紐西蘭。 東太平洋: 加拿大卑詩省到智利。 從印度記錄也許錯誤。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 200.0, range 192 - 208 cm
Max length : 300 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5578); common length : 150 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 6077); 最大体重: 107.0 kg (Ref. 9987); 最大年龄: 49 年 (Ref. 27952)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 0; 脊椎骨: 123 - 157. A large seven-gilled cowshark (Ref. 5578) with a wide head, short and blunt snout, and fusiform body. Dorsal fin small, origin may vary from over insertion of pelvic fins to over free rear tips of pelvic fins. Anal fin smaller than dorsal fin. Tooth count 15-16/13. Reddish-brown to silvery-grey or olive-brown with numerous small black spots on body and fins; cream below (Ref. 5578).
大的七条鳃裂的 cowshark(参考文献 5578) 具有一个宽的头部，短与钝的吻与纺锤型身体。 背鳍小的, 起源可能从腹鳍嵌入点到超过腹鳍的游离后端之上改变。 比背鳍小的臀鳍。 牙齿数目 15-16/13. 红褐色到银灰色或黄褐色的有很多的小黑色的斑点在身体与鳍上; 腹面乳黄色的.(参考文献 5578)
Found on the continental shelf, often in shallow water (Ref. 247). Occurs close inshore, in bays and estuaries (Ref. 6871), with larger individuals ranging into deeper waters offshore and deep channels in bays (Ref. 247). Usually cruising steadily and slowly near the bottom (sometimes in water as shallow as a meter), but sometimes at the surface (Ref. 247). Can dash at speed when attacking prey (Ref. 247). Feeds on anything, including other sharks, rays, chimaeras, bony fish, hagfish, dolphin and porpoise meat, seals, shark egg cases, sea snails and mammalian carrion, including rats and humans (Ref. 5578). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449), with 82 to 95 young in a litter (Ref. 31395). Aggressive when provoked, and regarded as potentially dangerous to people in open waters (Ref. 247). It has attacked divers in captivity and may be involved in a few shark attacks off California and South Africa (Ref. 247). Often caught by anglers from the shore (Ref. 6574). Utilized for human consumption, its skin for leather, and its liver as a source of oil (Ref. 247).
栖息于大陆棚了, 常见于浅水区中。 (参考文献 247) 生存在海湾与河口 (参考文献 6871) 的近岸有较大的在海湾中进入较深的水域外海且深峡道的个体.(参考文献 247) 通常稳定地而且慢慢地在底部 (有时在水浅至一公尺中) 的附近巡游, 但是有时在水表面.(参考文献 247) 当攻击猎物的时候，能快速急冲。 (参考文献 247) 吃任何事,包括其他的鲨鱼，魟，银鲛，硬骨鱼，盲鳗，海豚与海豚肉，海豹，鲨鱼卵荚，海洋蜗牛与哺乳动物腐肉, 包括老鼠与人类。 (参考文献 5578) 卵胎生的 (參考文獻 50449), 具有 82 到 95 幼魚在一胎.(參考文獻 31395) 當被激怒時具有侵略性, 而且對人類可能有危險性在開放的水域中視為了.(參考文獻 247) 它有在繁殖場攻擊潛水者而且可能是關係到一些鯊魚攻擊加州外與南非.(參考文獻 247) 時常被垂釣者距離岸邊捕獲了。 (參考文獻 6574) 供人類食用, 它的皮膚用做皮革, 與它的肝臟作為一個油的來源.(參考文獻 247)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding solely on yolk (Ref. 50449), with number of young reaching 82 in a litter. Gravid females apparently drop their young in shallow bays. Size at birth between 40 (Ref. 26346) and 53 (Ref. 247) cm. Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Gestation period 12 months. The reproductive cycle appears to be biennial (Ref. 45445).所有的海洋.(除北大西洋與地中海) 西南大西洋: 巴西南部到阿根廷北部。 東南大西洋: 那米比亞到南非的東倫敦.(參考文獻 5578) 西太平洋: 日本南部到紐西蘭。 東太平洋: 加拿大卑詩省到智利。 從印度記錄也許錯誤。
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.5 - 19.2, mean 14.2 °C (based on 122 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0781 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00240 (0.00102 - 0.00563), b=3.14 (2.93 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.7 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (rm=0.026; K=0.25; tm=16; tmax=32; Fec=82-95).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (57 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (64 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 13.3 [2.9, 63.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.671 [0.165, 1.979] mg/100g; Protein = 20.1 [17.9, 22.2] %; Omega3 = 0.275 [0.123, 0.632] g/100g; Selenium = 43.1 [11.1, 117.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.25 [1.65, 16.47] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.328 [0.161, 0.626] mg/100g (wet weight);
