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Salmoniformes (Salmons) >
Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Coregonus: Greek, kore = pupils of the eye + Greek, gonia = angle (Ref. 45335); clupeaformis: clupeaformis meaning herring-shaped (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Mitchill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
; zoet water; brak water benthopelagisch; anadroom (Ref. 120291); diepte 8 - 128 m (Ref. 3849). Temperate; 8°C - 14°C (Ref. 1998); 72°N - 41°N, 149°W - 61°W (Ref. 86798)
North America: Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific basins throughout most of Canada south into New England, the Great Lakes basin, and central Minnesota, USA; Copper and Susitna river drainages in Alaska. Introduced in northwestern USA (Ref. 86798). This species was stocked into high Andean lakes in two countries in southern Latin America (Ref. 1739). Probably conspecific with Coregonus lavaretus (Ref. 7506). Belongs to Coregonus clupeaformis complex (Ref. 27547).
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9988); common length : 54.1 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 12193); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 19.0 kg (Ref. 28850); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 50 Jaren (Ref. 3494)
Dorsale stekels (totaal): 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal): 11-13; Anale stekels 0; Anale zachte stralen: 10 - 14; Wervels: 55 - 64. Adipose fin well developed, often larger in males; axillary process present in pelvic fins (Ref. 27547). Dark brown to midnight blue above fading to silver on sides and wide beneath; no parr marks in young (Ref. 27547).
Inhabits large lakes and large rivers and enters brackish water (Ref. 86798). Primarily a lake dweller (Ref. 27547). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Appears to be rather sedentary, at least in the Great Lakes (Ref. 27547). Movement in large lakes generally consists of 4 stages: movement from deep to shallow water in the spring; movement back to deep water in the summer as the shoal water warms; migration to shallow-water spawning areas in the fall and early winter; and post-spawning movement back to deeper water (Ref. 27547). Forms separate populations in large lakes (Ref. 27547). Adults feed mainly on aquatic insect larvae, mollusks and amphipods (Ref. 1091, 3849); also other fishes and fish eggs, including their own (Ref. 1998). Extensive hatchery programs for the propagation have been carried out on the Great Lakes and other areas for years (Ref. 3746, 3849). Valued for its meat as well as for its roe, which is made into an excellent caviar; utilized fresh, smoked, and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988).
Spawning occurs at night (Ref. 10242, 10344, 28849). A female and one or more males rise to the surface, release eggs and milt and descend separately toward the bottom (Ref. 27547). Spawning fish are very active and may leap completely out of the water (Ref. 1998). Breeds annually in the southern parts of the range, but only every other year or even every third year in the arctic and sub-arctic regions (Ref. 3757).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; sportvis: ja; Aquarium: Publieke aquaria
Tools
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Estimates based on models
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00475 - 0.00636), b=3.23 (3.19 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.0 (4.2 - 6.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 34
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (K=0.06-0.19; tmax=50).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.6 [7.5, 20.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.279 [0.200, 0.389] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.5, 18.8] %; Omega3 = 0.96 [0.41, 2.48] g/100g; Selenium = 20.8 [10.7, 46.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.2 [4.7, 31.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.538 [0.439, 0.650] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
