分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 100 - 1000 m (Ref. 35388). 溫帶; 69°N - 24°N, 18°W - 17°E
Northeast Atlantic: found in the western Mediterranean and in the Atlantic around the Strait of Gibraltar and to the south along the Moroccan coast.
東北大西洋: 發現於地中海西部了與直布羅陀海峽的周圍大西洋而且向南沿著摩洛哥海岸。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 16.1 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 128593); common length : 10.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大体重: 48.98 g (Ref. 128593); 最大年龄: 3.00 年 (Ref. 1371)
背棘 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0. Eyes large; mouth oblique; chin barbel absent. Color varies from pink to light brown dorsally, silvery on sides and ventrally (Ref. 1371). Scales large, silvery and easily detached. Lateral line ends in 7 open mucus grooves on the upper side of the head (Ref. 35388).
眼大的; 嘴斜角; 下巴触须不存在。 颜色从粉红色到淡褐色背面改变, 银色的在腹部与侧面上.(参考文献 1371) 鳞片大的, 银色的而且容易地分离了。 侧线在头部的上侧面上的 7个开放的黏液凹槽结束。 (参考文献 35388)
Occurs in large schools over mud, muddy sand, gravel and rock bottoms. Feeds on small crustaceans and maybe worms. Preyed upon by other valuable fish (Ref. 1371). Spawns in the winter in the western Mediterranean and in the spring farther north (Ref. 35388).
形成大群的鱼群泥之上，泥泞的沙子，砾石与石质底部。 吃小型甲壳动物与也许蠕虫。 被其他的有价值的鱼捕食了。 (参考文献 1371) 在地中海西部与春天产卵在冬天更北方.(参考文献 35388)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
The major spawning grounds are located in the western part of the Mediterranean, on both sides of the Straits of Gibraltar, in deep water.東北大西洋: 發現於地中海西部了與直布羅陀海峽的周圍大西洋而且向南沿著摩洛哥海岸。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 诱饵: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 3.4 - 13.9, mean 7.9 °C (based on 254 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00567 - 0.00806), b=3.08 (3.03 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.19-0.50; tmax=3.0).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 61.8 [31.4, 132.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.524 [0.258, 1.013] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [16.3, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.96 [0.45, 2.06] g/100g; Selenium = 12.2 [5.0, 31.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.4 [5.5, 106.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.755 [0.473, 1.180] mg/100g (wet weight);
