分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Sciaena: Greek, skiaina, skion = a fish, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 200 m (Ref. 9505). 亞熱帶的; 51°N - 13°N, 19°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Southern Bay of Biscay to Mauritania, occasionally southwards to Senegal. Also throughout the Mediterranean and Black seas. Records from Ghana (Ref. 6810) and Gabon (Ref. 5516) are questionable. Two records in Belgium were actually for Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Ref. 117298). The record off Wimereux is a misinterpretation during data entry mistake from the the Müller (2004, Ref. YYY) (Bailly, pers. comm., March 2018).
東大西洋: 英倫海峽到茅利塔尼亞,偶然地向南至塞內加爾。 也在地中海與黑海各處。 來自迦納 (參考文獻 6810) 的紀錄與加彭 (參考文獻 5516) 是可疑的。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 23.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); common length : 28.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大年龄: 21 年 (Ref. 9505)
背棘 (总数): 11; 背的软条 (总数): 23-25; 臀棘 2; 臀鳍软条: 7 - 8
Occurs in shallow coastal waters mainly on rocky and sandy bottoms, often entering estuaries and more active at night. Also inhabits caves and reefs (Ref. 9987). Feeds on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 4780). SCUBA diving observations suggest this to be a very calm fish with remarkable buoyancy control and an ability to move without much apparent effort (Ref. 9505). Marketed fresh and frozen; in Turkey, otoliths are ground to a powder and used as remedy for urinary tract infections (Ref. 9987).
出现于沿岸浅水区主要在岩质与砂质底部上, 时常进入河口与更活跃的在晚上。 也居住于洞穴与礁。 (参考文献 9987) 吃小鱼与甲壳动物。 (参考文献 4780) 潜水观察意味着这是非常安静的鱼具有显着的浮力控制，而且一种能力移动而不须要多明显的努力。 (参考文献 9505) 在市场上销售生鲜和冷冻; 在土耳其，耳石是沈淀成粉末而且用作了疗法用来治疗尿道发炎.(参考文献 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東大西洋: 英倫海峽到茅利塔尼亞,偶然地向南至塞內加爾。 也在地中海與黑海各處。 來自迦納 (參考文獻 6810) 的紀錄與加彭 (參考文獻 5516) 是可疑的。
Chao, L.N. and E. Trewavas, 1990. Sciaenidae. p. 813-826. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3593)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
更多信息
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.8 - 19.6, mean 15.3 °C (based on 215 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00773 - 0.00937), b=3.08 (3.05 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.19; tm=3; tmax=21).
Prior r = 0.59, 95% CL = 0.39 - 0.88, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (64 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 48 [28, 95] mg/100g; Iron = 0.789 [0.426, 1.386] mg/100g; Protein = 20.1 [18.5, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.355 [0.207, 0.554] g/100g; Selenium = 32.5 [16.8, 59.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.4 [4.3, 38.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.779 [0.570, 1.144] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
