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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Engraulis: Greek, eggraulis, -eos = anchovy (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Hubbs & Marini.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin; océanodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 30 - 200 m (Ref. 189). Subtropical; 21°S - 50°S, 67°W - 34°W (Ref. 54431)
Southwest Atlantic: north of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to San Jorge Gulf, Argentina.
Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm 9.2, range 8 - 10.2 cm
Max length : 17.0 cm SL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 189); poids max. publié: 25.00 g (Ref. 4883)
Épines dorsales (Total): 0; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total): 15-16; Épines anales 0; Rayons mous anaux: 17 - 21. Snout prominent, pointed, about 3/4 eye diameter; maxilla moderate, tip bluntly tapering or a little rounded, reaching to front margin of pre-operculum, extending a little beyond tip of second supra-maxilla; teeth in jaws numerous, small. Lower gill rakers long and slender; no gill rakers on hind face of third epibranchial; pseudobranch long, reaching onto inner face of operculum (Ref.189). Blackish blue dorsally, silvery white laterally and ventrally. All fins transparent (Ref. 27363).
Occurs in coastal waters to about 800 km or more from the shore, forming dense schools at about 30 to 90 m depth in summer, but down to 100 to 200 m during winter. Feeds as juveniles on zooplankton, but with phytoplankton becoming increasingly important. Spawns throughout the year, most intensely and close to shore in October or November and again in May or June but less intensely and more offshore. Exhibits north-south and near shore-offshore migrations. During winter as the most favorable feeding period for larvae which occurs in the continental shelf in the extreme south of Brazil (Ref. 53892). Consumed fresh or canned (Ref. 4931).Typical size 7-13 cm SL (Ref. 47377).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: hautement commercial
Plus d'informations
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.6 - 18.7, mean 8.2 °C (based on 187 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00371 - 0.00646), b=3.13 (3.09 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 2.5 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Milieu, temps minimum de doublement de population : 1,4 à 4,4 années (K=0.2-0.3).
Prior r = 0.56, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.84, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (12 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 188 [80, 437] mg/100g; Iron = 1.24 [0.60, 3.01] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.9, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.767 [0.458, 1.328] g/100g; Selenium = 16.7 [7.4, 37.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20 [4, 91] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.34 [0.85, 2.09] mg/100g (wet weight);
