分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Poey.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 10 - 190 m (Ref. 55), usually 30 - 130 m (Ref. 55). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 4°S, 100°W - 40°W (Ref. 55228)
Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico and eastern coast of the USA extending northward to Massachusetts, coasts of Florida (Ref. 26938), but rare north of the Carolinas. Throughout Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 26938). This species has been referred to as Lutjanus aya by previous authors, but Rivas (Ref. 6409) proved that Bodianus aya Bloch, 1790 is not a lutjanid, but probably a sciaenid.
西大西洋: 延伸的墨西哥灣與美國的東岸向北至麻薩諸塞州，佛羅里達 (參考文獻 26938) 的海岸，卡羅萊納州但是稀有北方。 在墨西哥灣各處.(參考文獻 26938) 這種已經被歸屬於 Lutjanus aya 由先前的命名者, 但是 Rivas(參考文獻 6409) 證明 Bodianus aya Bloch,1790 不是一個 lutjanid, 但是可能一個石首魚科魚類。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 39.3, range 25 - 47.5 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 26938); common length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55); 最大体重: 22.8 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 57 年 (Ref. 48779)
背棘 (总数): 10; 背的软条 (总数): 14; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 9. Scale rows on back rising obliquely above lateral line. Specimens under 30 to 35 cm with large dark spot on the upper sides, located below the anterior soft dorsal rays.
鳞片列背面斜向上升在侧联机面。 在 30 到 35 下面的标本公分在前面的软背鳍鳍条之下被设置的上侧面上有大的深色斑点。
Adults are found over rocky bottoms. Juveniles inhabit shallow waters, common over sand or muddy bottoms. Feed mainly on fishes, shrimps, crabs, worms, cephalopods, and some planktonic items including urochordates and gastropods. Marketed fresh and eaten steamed, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Heavily exploited in American waters where it is now closely protected; shrimp fishing, accused of destroying young snappers, is currently restricted.
成鱼被发现岩石底部之上。 稚鱼栖息于浅水域, 普遍在沙子或泥底部上。 主要吃鱼，虾，螃蟹，蠕虫，头足类动物与一些浮游性项目包括海鞘类与腹足动物。 在市场上销售生鲜地而且清蒸了, 火烤了而且烧烤了。 (参考文献 9988) 在美国水域大量开采在哪里它现在严密地保护; 捕虾渔业,被控破坏幼鱼笛鲷, 现在被限制。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 延伸的墨西哥灣與美國的東岸向北至麻薩諸塞州，佛羅里達 (參考文獻 26938) 的海岸，卡羅萊納州但是稀有北方。 在墨西哥灣各處.(參考文獻 26938) 這種已經被歸屬於 Lutjanus aya 由先前的命名者, 但是 Rivas(參考文獻 6409) 證明 Bodianus aya Bloch,1790 不是一個 lutjanid, 但是可能一個石首魚科魚類。
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.7 - 27.5, mean 24.4 °C (based on 218 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.01280 - 0.01632), b=2.97 (2.95 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.72 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.9 (6.1 - 7.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 19
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.12-0.2; tmax=16; Fec > 1 million).
Prior r = 0.48, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.81, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 13.4 [7.2, 20.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.274 [0.163, 0.455] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [17.8, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.195 [0.122, 0.314] g/100g; Selenium = 42 [23, 74] μg/100g; VitaminA = 59 [11, 265] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.245 [0.180, 0.365] mg/100g (wet weight);
