分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 25 - 95 m (Ref. 9626), usually 40 - 70 m (Ref. 9626). 热带; 20°C - 28°C; 42°N - 28°S, 98°W - 31°W (Ref. 55226)
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and Bermuda (Anderson, pers. comm.) to southeastern Brazil, including the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 9626). Most abundant around the Antilles, the Bahamas and off southern Florida.
西大西洋: 向北远至美国麻萨诸塞州，百慕达群岛 (安德逊， pers. comm.) 而且向南至巴西东南方; 包括加勒比海与墨西哥湾。 (参考文献 9626) 最丰富的安地列斯群岛, 巴哈马与外海的佛罗里达南部的周围。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 43.8, range 28 - 40 cm
Max length : 94.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55); 最大体重: 15.6 kg (Ref. 26340); 最大年龄: 29 年 (Ref. 46200)
背棘 (总数): 10 - 11; 背的软条 (总数): 13-14; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 7 - 8. Preopercular notch and knob weak. Pectoral fins are long, reaching level of anus. Scale rows on back rising obliquely above lateral line. Back and upper sides olive green, whitish with a red tinge on lower sides and belly. A black spot is on the upper back just above the lateral line and below the anterior dorsal fin rays. A pair of blue stripes runs on the snout-cheek region, the upper continuing behind eye to upper opercle edge.
前鳃盖骨凹槽与疖瘤弱的。 胸鳍是长的, 达到肛门高度。 鳞片列背面斜向上升在侧联机面。 背面与上侧面橄榄绿色的, 在下侧与腹面上微白色的具有一种红色的淡色。 一个黑色的斑点在上背部上在侧线以下前面的背鳍鳍条的正上方。 一对蓝色的斑纹在吻部-颊的区域上跑, 上面的鳃盖边缘的上面眼后面续接。
Adults occur in continental shelf areas as well as clear waters around islands (Ref. 5217). Large adults usually among rocks and coral while juveniles occur over sandy, vegetated (usually Thalassia) bottoms (Ref. 5217). They form small aggregations which disband during the night (Ref. 55). Feed both day and night on fishes, shrimps, crabs, cephalopods, and gastropods (Ref. 55). Flesh considered good quality (Ref. 55). Marketed mainly fresh or frozen (Ref. 55). Traded as an aquarium fish at Clara, Brazil (Ref. 49392).
出现于大陆架区域以及岛的周围清澈的水域.(参考文献 5217) 大的成鱼通常在岩石与珊瑚之中而稚鱼遍及沙的，植物生长的 (通常 Thalassia) 底部出现.(参考文献 5217) 形成小群集那一个解散夜晚时。 (参考文献 55) 在鱼，虾，螃蟹，头足类动物与腹足动物上为食不论白天或夜晚。 (参考文献 55) 肉被认为是好品质。 (参考文献 55) 主要地生鲜或冷冻在市场上销售。 (参考文献 55) 在克拉拉巴西作为一个水族馆鱼交易了。 (参考文献 49392)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 向北远至美国麻萨诸塞州，百慕达群岛 (安德逊， pers. comm.) 而且向南至巴西东南方; 包括加勒比海与墨西哥湾。 (参考文献 9626) 最丰富的安地列斯群岛, 巴哈马与外海的佛罗里达南部的周围。
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.2 - 27.3, mean 24.2 °C (based on 116 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.01249 - 0.01526), b=2.97 (2.95 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 7.2 (6.5 - 10.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.13-0.25; tm=5.5; tmax=14).
Prior r = 0.44, 95% CL = 0.29 - 0.71, Based on 3 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (55 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 21.2 [13.4, 30.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.272 [0.176, 0.416] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.4, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.132 [0.097, 0.176] g/100g; Selenium = 73.1 [47.5, 107.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 99.9 [18.4, 354.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.443 [0.357, 0.594] mg/100g (wet weight);
