分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 200 m (Ref. 30573). 热带; 35°N - 36°S
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and east coast of Africa (south to Algoa Bay and perhaps to Knysna, South Africa) to Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to the northern coast of Australia.
印度-西太平洋: 波斯湾与非洲东岸 (南至 Algoa 海湾与也许对南非的耐斯纳) 到斐济, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲的北海岸。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 16.5, range 16 - 17 cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 6804); common length : 30.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9774)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 71 - 84; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 53 - 62; 脊椎骨: 36. Some pairs of moderately large canines in anterior part of both jaws, 6 to 13 lateral teeth in lower jaw, stronger and more widely spaced than those of upper jaw. Gill rakers pointed, longer than broad. Soft ray count of pectoral fin refers to that on ocular side (Ref 9774).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
在双颚的前部中的一些对普通大的犬齿, 在下颌中的 6 到 13个侧齿, 比较强壮与比那些更空隙大上颌。 鳃耙尖的, 长度超过宽的。 胸鳍的软鳍条计数以有眼睛的一边 (参考文献 9774) 为准。
Found in shallow waters and estuaries, on mud and sand bottoms, to depths of 200 m (Ref. 30573). Juveniles common in brackish water (Ref. 9774). Feeds on benthic animals (Ref. 5213). Mainly sold fresh (Ref. 9774).
在泥与沙底部上，发现于浅水域与河口了, 到深度 200 公尺.(参考文献 30573) 稚鱼常见于半淡咸水。 (参考文献 9774) 吃底栖的动物。 (参考文献 5213) 主要地卖了生鲜地。 (参考文献 9774)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).印度-西太平洋: 波斯湾与非洲东岸 (南至 Algoa 海湾与也许对南非的耐斯纳) 到斐济, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲的北海岸。
Desoutter, M., 1986. Bothidae. p. 428-429. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6804)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (参考文献
123201): 21.4 - 28.5, mean 27 °C (based on 1365 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00476 - 0.00728), b=3.16 (3.11 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 4.2 ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.16; tmax=7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 105 [47, 197] mg/100g; Iron = 0.9 [0.5, 1.7] mg/100g; Protein = 16.9 [14.8, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.154 [0.076, 0.302] g/100g; Selenium = 62.3 [26.9, 142.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.3 [6.7, 101.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.9 [0.6, 1.4] mg/100g (wet weight);
