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Beryciformes (Sawbellies) >
Berycidae (Alfonsinos)
Etymology: Beryx: Greek, beryx or berys = a name of a fish. Cuvier & Valenciennes (1829:221) precise that the name was used by Gesner from Varinus, but with no indication whatsoever helping identifying any species. After D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson (A glossary of Greek fishes, 1947), the name actually seems to come originally from Hesychius, but perhaps the name was not originally a fish name. Thompson compares it to meryx (ruminant), applied on skaros (Scarus), so it may have been applied on a parrot fish referring to its browsing/grazing behavior described by Aristoteles and followers.
More on author: Lowe.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθοπελαγικό; εύρος βάθους 25 - 1300 m (Ref. 9833), usually 400 - 600 m (Ref. 27121). Subtropical; 45°N - 43°S, 180°W - 180°E
Circumglobal, excluding the northeast Pacific and Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 9833). Western Atlantic: Gulf of Maine to the Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 6743). Eastern Atlantic: off southwestern Europe and the Canary Islands (Ref. 7413) to South Africa (Ref. 4179). Indo-Pacific: East Africa (including Saya de Malha Bank, Ref. 33390) to Japan, Hawaii, Australia, and New Zealand (Ref. 5755). The limited number of records in the western Pacific is doubtless the result of limited fishing effort below 200 m (Ref. 9833). Eastern Pacific: Chile (Ref. 27363).
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm 33.2 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 30573); common length : 40.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 30573); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 4.0 kg (Ref. 43448); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 23 έτη (Ref. 35874)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 4; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 13 - 16; Εδρικές άκανθες: 4; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 26 - 30. First infraorbital bone with a spine projecting laterally on anterior end. Lateral line extends to caudal fin. A fleshy disk on inner face of exposed area of scale. In young fishes, the 2nd dorsal ray is elongate (Ref. 559). Ref. 27363 notes pectoral fins with one spine and 17 soft rays (Ref. 27363).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Adults inhabit the outer shelf (180 m) and slope to at least 1,300 m depth, probably moving further from the bottom at night; often found over seamounts (Ref. 9833) and underwater ridges (Ref. 33648). Juveniles pelagic (Ref. 9072). Feed mainly on fish, crustaceans and cephalopods (Ref. 33648). Oviparous, spawn in batches (Ref. 30291). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 30291). Marketed frozen and eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Spawning occurs about 10 to 12 times at intervals of about 4 days during the breeding season (Ref. 58433).
Maul, G.E., 1990. Berycidae. p. 626. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7413)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Αναφ.
123201): 6.6 - 12.9, mean 9.2 °C (based on 569 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Αναφ.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6260 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.01149 - 0.01994), b=3.05 (2.97 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Αναφ.
69278): 4.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 7.5 (6.2 - 8.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 15
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Αναφ.
120179): Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (K=0.10-0.18; tm=5-7.5; tmax=23; Fec = 270,000).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.42, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.7 [9.0, 106.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.746 [0.364, 1.431] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [16.7, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.472 [0.193, 1.101] g/100g; Selenium = 52.9 [26.3, 104.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.8 [9.1, 86.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.553 [0.382, 0.825] mg/100g (wet weight);
