Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 1 - 50 m (Ref. 9258). Temperate
Southwest Pacific: around New Zealand only.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 32.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9258); max. published weight: 600.00 g (Ref. 9258)
Short description
Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Inhabits coastal waters down to about 50 m (Ref. 9258). Juveniles gather in sheltered inshore waters, such as estuarine areas, shallow mudflats and sandflats, where they remain for up to two years (Ref. 9072).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
Tools
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