分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性; pH range: 6.0 - 6.5; dH range: 4 - 15. 熱帶; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 2059)
South America: Magdalena River basin; entire extent of the Amazon and Orinoco River basins below approximately 500 m elevation including Napo River of western Ecuador and Madre de Dios River of Peru; all drainages of the Guianas Shield; Atlantic drainages of northeastern Brazil (Tocantins, Parnaíba, Pindaré, Itapicuru, and Salgado rivers); São Francisco River basin; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Paraguay-Paraná River basin.
南美洲: Magdalena 河流域; 在大約 500條厄瓜多西部的公尺海拔包括 Napo 河與祕魯的母親 de Dios 河之下的亞馬遜河的整個範圍與奧里諾科河河流域; 圭亞那的所有流域遮蔽; 巴西東北部 (Tocantins ， Parnaiba ， Pindare ， Itapicuru 與 Salgado 河) 的大西洋流域; Sao 弗朗西斯科河流域; 巴西里約熱內盧; 巴拉圭- 巴拉納河的流域。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 25.0, range 20 - 30 cm
Max length : 141 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 39524)
简单描述
型态特徵 | 形态测量图
臀鳍软条: 195 - 300
Occurs in swamps, creeks, and river with lentic waters. Preys on small invertebrates, particularly the larvae of aquatic insects (Ref. 12225). Breeds before the start of the rainy season (Ref. 10645) or during the rainy season, with a fecundity count of 6473 eggs (Ref. 10643). Males persistently defend their territory and apparently make electric signals (by increased electric organ discharge (EOD) rates and interruptions thereof) to females passing by to draw in a spawning partner (Ref. 10605). Mature females' EODs are of higher frequencies than mature males (Ref. 10645). Plasma androgens modulate the EOD frequency during the breeding season (Ref. 10767). Embryos hatch on day 4; larvae begin to feed on day 11. The electric organ and electroreceptors are both present in the larva at the time of first exogenous feeding (Ref. 10605). Seems to reach sexual maturity at 1 year of age, based on breeding experiments (Ref. 10011).
用平静的水域出现于沼泽，小溪与河。 捕食小型无脊椎动物, 特别地仔鱼水生昆虫.(参考文献 12225) 繁殖在那之前雨季 (参考文献 10645)的初始或者在雨季的时候, 具有一个 6473个卵的孕卵数.(参考文献 10643) 雄性持续地防护他们的领土而且显然地制造放电对经过变短一个产卵伴侣的雌性的信号 (藉着增加发电器放电 (EOD) 率与中断关于) 。 (参考文献 10605) 成熟的母鱼的 EODs 超过成熟的雄性是较高的频率。 (参考文献 10645) 雄性荷尔蒙激素在繁殖季节的时候调整 EOD 频率。 (参考文献 10767) 胚胎在第四天上孵化; 仔鱼开始觅食第11天。 发电器与电感受体是在第一次向外觅食的时候两者都出现在幼体.(参考文献 10605) 似乎在 1 岁达成性成熟, 以繁殖实验为依据.(参考文献 10011)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Eggs of 3 mm diameter are deposited among plants. Larvae hatch after 4 days and start feeding after 11 days.南美洲: Magdalena 河流域; 在大約 500條厄瓜多西部的公尺海拔包括 Napo 河與祕魯的母親 de Dios 河之下的亞馬遜河的整個範圍與奧里諾科河河流域; 圭亞那的所有流域遮蔽; 巴西東北部 (Tocantins ， Parnaiba ， Pindare ， Itapicuru 與 Salgado 河) 的大西洋流域; Sao 弗朗西斯科河流域; 巴西里約熱內盧; 巴拉圭- 巴拉納河的流域。
Ortega, H. and R.P. Vari, 1986. Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Peru. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. (437):1-25. (Ref. 6329)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性
更多信息
年龄范围成长体长-体重体长-体长体长-频率形态测量图型态特徵仔鱼稚鱼动力学入添量丰度BRUVS
参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00193 - 0.00471), b=2.82 (2.69 - 2.95), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).
