分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Haemulon: Greek, haimaleos = bloody (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Charles Plumier (1646–1704) was a Franciscan monk, botanist and naturalist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 3 - 40 m (Ref. 9626). 亞熱帶的; 39°N - 23°S, 99°W - 30°W
Western Atlantic: Chesapeake Bay, through the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean southward to Brazil. Including Antilles (Ref. 26938).
西大西洋: 切薩皮克海灣，經過墨西哥灣與加勒比海向南至巴西。 包括安地列斯群島。 (參考文獻 26938)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 18.3, range 11 - 23.23 cm
Max length : 53.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3798); 最大体重: 4.4 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年龄: 13 年 (Ref. 3205)
背棘 (总数) : 12; 背的软条 (总数) : 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 9. Side of head has narrow blue stripes; scales above lateral line much larger than those below (Ref. 26938). Scale rows just below lateral line oblique; color variable but usually light yellowish (Ref. 13442).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
头侧有狭窄的蓝色斑纹; 鳞片在侧联机面比下面的那些大很多.(参考文献 26938) 在侧线斜角正下方的鳞片列; 色彩可变的但是通常淡的淡黄色的.(参考文献 13442)
Found in dense aggregations during the day on patch reefs, around coral formations, or on sandy bottoms (Ref. 9710). Juveniles common in Thalassia testudinum beds (Ref. 5217). Feeds on crustaceans, small mollusks, and small fishes. Frequently exhibits a territorial 'kissing' display in which two contenders push each other on the lips with their mouths wide open (Ref. 9710). Marketed fresh. Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35420).
在珊瑚结构周围的礁坪上形成密集的鱼群在白天期间或在砂质底部上.(参考文献 9710) 稚鱼常见于 Thalassia testudinum 床。 (参考文献 5217) 吃甲壳动物，小的软件动物与小鱼。 时常展现一个领域性 '吻' 显现在那一个二个竞争者以他们的嘴巴宽的在唇上推动彼此开放的.(参考文献 9710) 在市场上销售生鲜地了。 曾经后面在繁殖场.(参考文献 35420)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 切薩皮克海灣，經過墨西哥灣與加勒比海向南至巴西。 包括安地列斯群島。 (參考文獻 26938)
Courtenay, W.R. and H.F. Sahlman, 1978. Pomadasyidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31), Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3798)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (参考文献
123201): 23.4 - 28, mean 25.9 °C (based on 342 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.01172 - 0.01703), b=2.99 (2.95 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.5 (3.1 - 7.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.11-0.4; tm=2; tmax=13; Fec=64,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.3 [6.7, 44.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.473 [0.231, 0.908] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [18, 22] %; Omega3 = 0.187 [0.092, 0.339] g/100g; Selenium = 14.4 [6.7, 29.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 57.2 [19.6, 171.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.754 [0.474, 1.170] mg/100g (wet weight);
