分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Haemulon: Greek, haimaleos = bloody (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 3 - 30 m (Ref. 9626). 亞熱帶的; 31°N - 30°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Bahamas, Florida (USA), and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil.
西大西洋: 巴哈馬，佛羅里達 (美國) 與墨西哥灣北部到巴西; 在加勒比海各處;(參考文獻 9626) 包括安地列斯群島, 與中央的與南美洲海岸.(參考文獻 26938)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 41.2 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9626); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3798)
背棘 (总数) : 12; 背的软条 (总数) : 16 - 18; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Silvery, the edges of the scales narrowly brown, the centers on upper half of body with a spot which may vary in color from yellow through bronze to dark brown (forming oblique dotted lines following scale rows) (Ref. 13442).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
银色的, 鳞片的边缘狭窄褐色, 身体有的在上半部上的中心一个斑点那可能从黄色改变颜色经过青铜色到深褐色的 (形成斜虚线在鳞片列之后).(参考文献 13442)
Inhabits shallow coastal reefs, the young on seagrass beds, adults in schools in relatively open areas (Ref. 9710). Rare at oceanic islands (Ref. 9710). Feeds at night on mollusks and small fishes (Ref. 9710). Marketed fresh (Ref. 3798).
栖息于水浅的岸礁, 幼鱼在海草床上, 成鱼在群游于相当开放的区域。 (参考文献 9710) 稀有的在大洋性岛屿.(参考文献 9710) 晚上捕食软件动物与小鱼。 (参考文献 9710) 在市场上销售生鲜地了。 (参考文献 3798)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 巴哈馬，佛羅里達 (美國) 與墨西哥灣北部到巴西; 在加勒比海各處;(參考文獻 9626) 包括安地列斯群島, 與中央的與南美洲海岸.(參考文獻 26938)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (参考文献
123201): 25.6 - 28.2, mean 27.4 °C (based on 724 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00824 - 0.02108), b=3.01 (2.88 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.24).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 21.8 [9.8, 59.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.531 [0.258, 1.032] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.6, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.148 [0.067, 0.287] g/100g; Selenium = 14.3 [6.4, 29.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 34.6 [9.2, 127.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.681 [0.413, 1.102] mg/100g (wet weight);
![Image of Haemulon parra (Sailor\](/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Hapar_u0.jpg "Image of Haemulon parra (Sailor\")