分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels)
鱸形目 (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos)
鯖科 (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Rastrelliger: Latin, rastra = rake + Latin, gero = to carry.
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 20 - 90 m (Ref. 12260). 熱帶; 17°C - ? (Ref. 54861); 38°N - 36°S, 20°E - 180°E (Ref. 54861)
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Indonesia, north to the Ryukyu Islands and China, south to Australia, Melanesia and Samoa. Entered the eastern Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal.
印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到印尼,北至琉球群島與中國, 南至澳洲，美拉尼西亞與美屬薩摩亞。 進入了地中海東部經過蘇伊士運河。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 21.0, range 17 - 24.5 cm
Max length : 36.0 cm 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 111654); 42.1 cm TL (female); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573); 最大體重: 0.00 g; 最大年齡: 4 年 (Ref. 168)
背棘 (總數): 8 - 11; 背的軟條 (總數): 12; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 12. Head longer than body depth. Maxilla partly concealed, covered by lachrymal bone but extending to about hind margin of eye. Bristles on longest gill raker 105 on one side in specimens of 12.7 cm, 140 in 16 cm, and 160 in 19 cm fork length specimens. A black spot on body near lower margin of pectoral fin. Interpelvic process small and single. Swim bladder present. Anal spine rudimentary.
頭部長度超過體高。 顎骨部分隱藏, 被淚骨蓋著了但是延伸至大約眼的後緣。 在 12.7 公分， 140/16 的公分與 160/19 的公分尾叉長標本的標本中的一個側邊上在長的鰓耙 105 上的剛毛。 在胸鰭的下緣附近的在身體上的一個黑色的斑點。 腹鰭間的突起小的與單個。 有泳鰾。 臀鰭硬棘不發達的。
Adults occur in coastal bays, harbors and deep lagoons, usually in some turbid plankton-rich waters. Form schools. Feed on phytoplankton (diatoms) and small zooplankton (cladocerans, ostracods, larval polychaetes, etc.) (Ref. 9684). Small groups were seen eating eggs of Cheilio inermis straight after spawning (Ref. 48637). Adult individuals feed on macroplankton such as larval shrimps and fish. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Generally marketed fresh, frozen, canned, dried-salted, and smoked; also made into fish sauce (Ref. 9684).
出現於近岸海灣, 港灣且深潟湖,通常在一些混濁的浮游生物-豐饒的水域。 形成魚群。 吃浮游植物 (矽藻) 與小的浮游動物 (水蚤，介形蟲，幼蟲的多毛類動物, 等等。) 。 (參考文獻 9684) 小群魚群被在他們的 spawnings 之後筆直地見到 管唇魚〔Cheilio inermis〕 的吃卵。 (參考文獻 48637) 成魚的個體吃大型浮游生物例如幼蟲的蝦與魚。 通常在市場上銷售新鮮的﹐冷凍的, 將,裝於罐頭乾燥鹽醃, 與煙燻; 也製成魚醬。 (參考文獻 9684)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到印尼,北至琉球群島與中國, 南至澳洲，美拉尼西亞與美屬薩摩亞。 進入了地中海東部經過蘇伊士運河。
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 誘餌: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.7 - 28.3, mean 27.3 °C (based on 491 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00767 - 0.00989), b=3.07 (3.04 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.1 (0.9 - 1.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 80
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.2-1.9; tm=0.5-1; tmax=4; Fec = 37,690).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 3 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 200 [75, 539] mg/100g; Iron = 3.28 [1.58, 6.56] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [19.4, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.32 [0.15, 0.67] g/100g; Selenium = 47.6 [16.2, 153.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.8 [6.0, 89.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.24 [0.67, 3.18] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
