分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes)
魨形目 (Puffers and filefishes) >
Diodontidae (Porcupinefishes (burrfishes))
二齒魨科 (Porcupinefishes (burrfishes))
Etymology: Diodon: Greek, di = two + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 2 - 50 m (Ref. 9680), usually 3 - 20 m (Ref. 40849). 亚热带的; 35°N - 31°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 55213)
Circumtropical. Eastern Pacific: San Diego, California, USA to Chile, including the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 37955). Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Massachusetts (USA), and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil (Ref. 7251). Eastern Atlantic: 30°N to 23°S (Ref. 6951). Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea to Madagascar, Reunion and Mauritius (Ref. 33390). The reports in the Mediterranean Sea are doubtful (Ref. 50345).
Circumtropical。 东太平洋: 圣地亚哥，美国加州到智利, 包括加拉巴哥群岛.(参考文献 37955) 西大西洋: 百慕达群岛，麻萨诸塞州 (美国) 与墨西哥湾北部到巴西.(参考文献 7251) 东大西洋: 30个 ° N 到 23个 °S.(参考文献 6951) 西印度洋: 红海到马达加斯加，留尼旺岛与模里西斯.(参考文献 33390) 地中海.(参考文献 50345)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 91.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2850); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 26999); 最大体重: 2.8 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 14-17; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 14 - 16. Body robust; teeth united in each jaw but without a central division; body covered with long, sharp spines, folded backwards when body not inflated; 16 to 20 spines between snout and dorsal fin; dorsal region of caudal peduncle spiny; back, flanks and fins light brown with numerous dark spots; belly spiny (Ref. 55763). Spines long. Body grayish tan, with small black spots, but no large dark blotches. Belly white, surrounded by dusky ring (Ref. 26938). About 20 spines in an approximate row between snout and dorsal fin (Ref. 13442).
身体结实的; 齿在每个颌中联合了但是没有中央的部; 覆盖着长又锐利的棘身体, 向后折迭当不被膨胀的身体; 在吻与背鳍之间的 16根到 20 棘; 尾柄的背部区域刺状的; 背面, 侧面与鳍淡褐色的有很多的深色斑点; 腹面刺状的.(参考文献 55763) 棘长的。 身体浅灰色的黄褐色的, 有小的黑色斑点, 但是没有大的黑色斑块。 腹部白色的, 被暗色的环包围了.(参考文献 26938) 在吻与背鳍之间的大约列中的大约 20根棘.(参考文献 13442)
Occur in lagoon and seaward reefs to at least 50 m. Commonly seen in caves and holes in shallow reefs (Ref. 26938, 48637). Juveniles to about 20 cm are pelagic. Adults benthic (Ref. 30573). Solitary and nocturnal that feed on hard shelled invertebrates like sea urchins, gastropods, and hermit crabs (Ref. 9680). Generally common (Ref. 9710). Not normally used as food (Ref. 3717). Reached a life-span of 10 years and a length of 69 cm in the McGinty Aquarium (E. Dashiell, pers. comm 2004), suggesting a preliminary K=0.12.
出现于舄湖与临海礁石到至少 50 公尺。 在浅水礁区中常见于洞穴和孔洞。 (参考文献 26938,48637) 稚鱼到大约 20 公分是大洋性的。 成鱼底栖性.(参考文献 30573) 一种独居性和夜行性的鱼捕餐具有硬壳的无脊椎动物如海胆，腹足动物与寄居蟹。 (参考文献 9680) 普通地常见.(参考文献 9710) 不常被使用了当作食物。 (参考文献 3717) 在被意味着初步的 K=0.12 的 McGinty 水族馆 (E. Dashiell, pers. comm 2004) 达到了一個 10 年的壽命與 69 公分的長度。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Circumtropical。 东太平洋: 圣地亚哥，美国加州到智利, 包括加拉巴哥群岛.(参考文献 37955) 西大西洋: 百慕达群岛，麻萨诸塞州 (美国) 与墨西哥湾北部到巴西.(参考文献 7251) 东大西洋: 30个 ° N 到 23个 °S.(参考文献 6951) 西印度洋: 红海到马达加斯加，留尼旺岛与模里西斯.(参考文献 33390) 地中海.(参考文献 50345)
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.3 - 29, mean 27.4 °C (based on 1822 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5313 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.08710 (0.04269 - 0.17770), b=2.76 (2.58 - 2.94), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (tmax>10; preliminary K=0.12).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16 [6, 54] mg/100g; Iron = 0.538 [0.255, 1.321] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [17.2, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.153 [0.078, 0.295] g/100g; Selenium = 23.5 [9.7, 53.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.6 [3.8, 69.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.52 [0.33, 0.84] mg/100g (wet weight);
